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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PCV is used to evaluate:
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O2 carrying capacity
hydration status |
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What are the 3 properties of NSAIDs?
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Decreases pain
Decreases inflammation Decreases fever |
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NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins . What enzyme is important for production of prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation?
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COX2
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What are 3 main reasons for using PA drugs prior to anesthetic induction?
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Sedate/tranquilize
Pre-emptive analgesia Safer/smoother induction and recovery |
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The duration of Acepromazine is:
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4-8 hours
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The duration of Atropine is
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60-90 minutes
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The duration of Glycopyrrolate is
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4 hours
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The duration of Buprenorphine is:
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6-8-12 hours
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The duration of injectable Rimadyl is:
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24 hours
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The duration of Butorphanol in a dog is ____ and a cat is _____?
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1hr
4 hours |
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The main reason for using anti-cholingergics is?
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Prevent bradycardia
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the main reason for using an opioid as a PA is?
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Pre-emptive analgesia
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What is a better PA drug for a dog with a history of seizures?
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Diazepam
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What drug is commonly used with Ketamine to prevent catalepsy?
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Diazepam
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What drugs can be used to treat bradycardia that occurred AFTER administration of an Alpha-2 agonist?
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NONE- needs to be given prior to Alpha-2 agonist in order to avoid bradycardia
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Alpha-2 adrenoreceptors in the brain and spinal cord produce?
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Sedation
Muscle relaxation Analgesia |
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What drug can be used in cats as an appetite stimulant and as a treatment inappropriate urination?
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Diazepam
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What drug can be used in cats as an emetic?
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Xylazine
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Opioids that are best for severe pain are which type?
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Pure agonists
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Why is epinephrine added to local anesthetics?
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Vasoconstriction keeps the drug local, increasing duration of effect
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Fentanyl has a duration of about 30 minutes. What 2 ways is it commonly administered to patients?
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Patch
CRI IV |
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Why can Butorphanol be used to partially reverse opioids that are pure agonists?
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Because it is a mixed agonist/antagonist, so it can kick off some of the opioids from their Mu receptors
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Give the 2 main causes of pale mucous membranes and examples of each.
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-Peripheral vasoconstriction
*alpha-2 agonists *Response to pain *Hypothermia -Decreased tissue perfusion *Excessive depth *Hypotension *blood loss *Bradycardia (Tx -Atropine) *Arrythmia |
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What is the cause of cyanotic mucous membranes?
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Too much unsaturated HgB leads to poor tissue perfusion
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What are the qualities of anticholinergics?
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Dry secretions
decrease GI motility Prevent bradycardia Provide NO analgesia Cause mydriasis are NOT reversible |
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What are the qualities of Acepromazine?
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NO analgesia
Anti-emetic NOT reversible Causes 3rd eyelid prolapse (Ace-face) Is not a controlled substance Decreases motor activity Increases motor relaxation -Significant vasodialation -Potentiates ventilatory & cardiac depression effects of other meds. |
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What are the qualities of Diazepam?
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-Better absorbed IV
-Benzodiazepine Tranquilizer -Mixes with Ketamine in same syringe -NO analgesia -causes muscle relaxation -Is an anti-seizure med--does NOT lower seizure threshold -IS a controlled substance -Most commonly used in combo with other drugs as PA or induction drugs |
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What are the side effects of alpha-2 agonists?
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Bradycardia
hypotension heart blocks sweating in horses -peripheral vasoconstriction (poor tissue perfusion and CRT) |
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What are the basic facts about opioids?
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Great analgesia
ARE controlled substances -ARE reversible -Provide some sedation -Some are emetics -Cause respiratory depression -May cause panting due to tricking thermoregulatory system in the brain |
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Benzodiazepine tranquilizers cause ___________ sedation/tranquilization and should be used ______________ .
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poor
with another med if this effect is desired. |
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Anticholinergics block the function of ____________ and the effects of the ___________.
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acetylcholine
vagus nerve |
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Xylazine can be absorbed through abraded skin and mucous membranes and cause ________________ in people.
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hypotension and sedation
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What is the reversal agent for Medetomidine/Domitor?
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Atipamazole/Antisedan
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Naloxone/Barcan can be used to reverse ___________ in neonates by placing a drop under the tongue.
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Opioids
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A Fentanyl patch may provide analgesia for how long?
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3-5 days
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Buprenorphine provides better analgesia in __________ and is more difficult to reverse. (holds onto Mu receptors tightly)
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cats
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Define allodynia?
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Increased sensitivity to pain from something that should not be painful
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Excitement caused by opioids in some animals is called
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dysphoria
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Acepromazine is a potent vasodialator, which leads to 2 complications, which are?
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Hypothermia
Hypotension |
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A CRI of MLK can decrease vaporizer setting and consists of the following 3 drugs?
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Morphine
Lidocaine Ketamine |
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Glycopyrrolate brand name is
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Robinul
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Diazepam brand name is:
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Valium
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Naloxone brand name is:
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Narcan
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Xylazine brand name is
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Narcan
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Xylazine brand name is:
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Rompun
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Carprofen brand name is:
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Rimadyl
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Atipamizole brand name is:
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Antisedan
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Oxymorphone brand name is:
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Numorphan
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Fentanyl patch brand name is:
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Duragesic
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Butorphanol brand name is:
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Torbugesic
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Buprenorphine brand name is:
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Buprenex
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Midazolam brand name is:
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Versed
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Medetomidine brand name is:
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Domitor
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Preservative free morphine brand name is:
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Duramorph
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Zolazepam is found in
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Telezol
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Hydromorphone brand name is:
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Dilaudid
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What classification of drug is Acepromazine?
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Phenothiazine tranquilizer
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What classification of drug is Diazepam/Valium?
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Benzodiazepine tranquilizer
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What classification of drug is Atropine?
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Anti-cholinergic
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What classification of drug is Glycopyrrolate?
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Anti-cholinergic
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What classification of drug is Xylazine?
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Alpha-2 agonist
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What classification of drug is Fentanyl?
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Pure opioid agonist
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What classification of drug is Atipamezole?
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Alpha-2 antagonist
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What classification of drug is Morphine?
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Pure opioid agonist
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What classification of drug is Butorphanol?
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Mixed opioid agonist/antagonist
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What classification of drug is Midazolam?
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Benzodiazepine tranquilizer
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What classification of drug is Yohimbine?
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Alpha-2 antagonist
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What classification of drug is Hydromorphone?
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Pure opioid agonist
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What classification of drug is Diazepam & Morphine together?
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Combination makes them a neuroleptanalgesic
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What classification of drug is Naloxone?
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Opioid antagonist
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What classification of drug is Meloxicam?
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NSAID
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What classification of drug is Lidocaine?
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local anesthetic
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What classification of drug is Carprofen?
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NSAID
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What classification of drug is Tramadol?
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Oral opioid like med
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What 3 drug classifications used in the anesthetic process are reversible?
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Opioids
Benzodiapine tranquilizers Alpha-2 sedatives |
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What 2 drug classifications used for anesthesia are controlled substances?
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Benzodiazepines
Opioids |
