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19 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Define analgesia.
Absence of the awareness of pain, relief of pain without loss of consciousness.
What are the best analgesics?
Opioids (narcotics) such as Morphine, hydromorphone, Butophanol, Fentanyl

Buprenorphine/Buprnex is what is used at Bel-Rea
What is pre-emptive analgesia?
Analgesia that prevents pain before it starts.
What is the purpose of pre-emptive analgesia?
-If you treat pain before it begins, you may be able to better control pain.
-May also be able to use less General Anesthetic later
-Buprenorphine is one of the PA's (pre-anesthetic) used at Bel-Rea
Define anesthesia.
loss of sensation in a body part or the whole body
What are local anesthetics?
- end in -caine
such as Lidocaine, Mipivacaine, Bupivacaine, Tetracaine

-good for pain control
Define local anesthesia.
Use of a chemical agent on peripheral sensory nerves to produce disruption of nerve impulse transmission.
-Leads to temporary loss of sensation of local area
-No sedation
-Sometimes used with general anesthesia to enhance pain to enhance pain control post-op and decrease amount of General Anesthetic
Define general anesthesia.
-CNS depression (loss of consciousness)
-Analgesia-absence of pain perception
-Amnesia-absence of memory
-Muscle relaxation (absence of motor response to stimuli, absence of reflexes)
-All of these combine to produce a state that is sufficient to perform surgical, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
-
Define regional anesthesia.
Local anesthetic injected into a major nerve plexus or close to the spinal cord (such as in an epidural).
-Blocks nerve impulses to and from a large area (entire limb, caudal part of body)
-loss of sensation and motor function
What is dissociative anesthesia?
-Disruption of nerve conduction pathways
-CNS *** stimulant***
-Scrambles pathways
-Trance-like anesthesia
-animal will look conscious, eyes open and forward
Define catalepsy.
Malleable rigidity- body is rigid but pliable.
Ketamine is a drug that induces this.
Define balanced anesthesia.
Several agents used in combination, based on concept that administration of a mixture of small amounts of several anesthetic agents increases the advantages but not the disadvantages.
-Safer, especially with sick animals.
-Helps give the right amount of anesthesia appropriate for the patient
Define sedation/sedatives.
-State of relaxation, decreased anxiety
-Causes sleepiness
-Pt is conscious but calm,
-Pt can be aroused with sufficient stimuli
Sedatives with analgesia-
-Xylazine/Rompun
-Metomadine/Dex, Domitor
-May or may not have analgesia
Define tranquilizer/tranquilization.
-State of relaxation, decreased anxiety
-Less sleepy compared to sedatives
-Reluctant to move
-awake but unconcerned with surroundings
-Can be aroused w/sufficient stimuli
-NO ANALGESIA
-May not respond to minor pain even though there is no analgesia
Define neuroleptanalgesia
Combination of sedative/tranquilizer with an opioid which causes profound sedation and analgesia.
-combination of meds increases the effects of each
-hypnotic state-->trance-like sleep
-Pt can be aroused with sufficient stimuli
Define agonist.
Drug that produces its effect by interacting with a specific receptor in the brain or on spinal cord.

-Fentanyl binds to Mu receptors
-Xylazine binds to Alpha 2 receptors
Define antagonist
Drug that occupies a specific receptor with little or no effect
-"kicks off" the agonist drug and binds to same receptor, stopping the effects of the agonist.
*REVERSAL DRUG
Ex:
-Nalaxone/Narcan is opioid antagonist
-Yohimbine is alpha 2 antagonist
What are the properties of Propofol (Dipravan, Rapinovet)?
Short-acting hypnotic that is unrelated to other general anesthetics with a mechanism of action that is not well understood.
-Produces a rapid and smooth anesthetic in dogs when given SLOWLY by IV.
-Produces sedation, restraint, or unconsciousness-depending on the dose.
-A single bolus lasts 2-5 minutes, which is good when rapid recovery is necessary.
-Apnea may occur if given to rapidly.
-Does not cross placenta-good for C-sections
What are the properties of Ketamine?
An alternate induction drug.
-A dissociative drug that produces malleable rigidity, amnesia and analgesia.
-Pharyngeal/laryngeal reflexes are maintained
-Because deep abdominal pain is not eliminated, with dissociative anesthesia, these are recommended only for restraint, diag. procedures and minor surgery.
-Produce minor cardiac stimulation and respiratory depression.
-May have a burning sensation at injection site.