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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is density?
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the ratio of mass over volume
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What is specific gravity ?
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the ratio between an objects density and the density of water
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What is matter?
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Anything that has mass and occupies space
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How is an element defined?
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by its number of protons
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What is the atomic number?
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number of protons in the nucleus
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What is the mass number?
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sum of the proton number + the neutron number
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What is daltons theory?
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1) each element is comprised of unique atoms. identical for that element.
2) Chemical combination is the bonding of whole number of atoms 3) no atoms are gained or lost. just rearranged. |
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Who created the periodic table?
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Dmitri Mendeleev
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What is periodic law
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The properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
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What is a desiccant?
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a compound that has a strong tendency to form a hydrate, and is used to scavenge the last traces of water from a system.
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Newtons 1st law
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Objects in motion tend to stay in motion
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Newtons 2nd law
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The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting upon the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object.
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Newtons 3rd law
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For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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What is velocity?
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a vector. describes how the position of an object changes with time.
Displacement/Time |
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What is acceleration?
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describes how velocity changes with time
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what is force?
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F = ma
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What is weight?
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w = mg(ravity)
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What colors are Oxygen, Air, NO2, Nitrogen tanks respectively?
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Green, yellow, blue, black
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What is absolute pressure?
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gauge pressure + atmosperic pressure
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How does absolute pressure differ from gauge pressure in terms of its zero point ?
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Absolute pressure uses absolute zero as it’s zero point, while gauge pressure uses atmospheric pressure as it’s zero point.
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What is avogadro's number?
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6.022 x 10^23
Held at the same temperature and pressure 1 mole of any gas contains the same number of particles as there are in 12g of carbon-12 atoms by definition: 6.022 x 10 to the 23rd. |
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Boyle's law
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P1V1 = P2V2
It describes the relationship between pressure and volume at a constant temperature |
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Charle's law
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V1/T1=V2/T2
At a constant pressure, a volume of gas is directly proportional to the temperature |
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Pay Can
T Be V Good |
Pressure constant - Charle's law
Temperature constant - Boyles law Volume constant - Gay cussack |
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Ideal gas law
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PV= nRT
P= pressure, V= volume, n= number of moles, R= a constant of proportionality knows as ideal gas constant = 0.082 L.atm/mol.K |
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Dalton's law
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Partial pressures. total is the sum of its parts
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Boiling point
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The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the ambient pressure
760 Torr |
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Effusion
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the movement of a gas through a pinhole
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average amount of liters in E-cylinders
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660 L (625-700)
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What is the only reliable way to determine residual NO2 volume in a cylinder?
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weigh it
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What is the critical temps of NO2 and Oxygen?
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NO2 = 36.5 C
O2 = -118.6C |
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What comprises compressed air?
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O2 and Nitrogen
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List the properties of helium
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- Helium is an inert gas (does not form any compound).
- It is insoluble in blood. - It has lower density but higher viscosity than air. - It has high thermal conductivity. - It can increase the signal of other gases (inhalational contrast). |
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When is helium used?
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- in pulmonary function testing
-the treatment of partial respiratory obstruction, -during laser airway surgery, -for diving at depth, -as a label in imaging studies. |
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What is the pressure of a full E cylinder at 20 C
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1800-2000
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What are the 3 levels of pressure regulation?
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High Pressure - 2000psig (cylinder)
Intermediate Pressure - 45-55psig (wall) Low pressure - 16 psig (outlet) |
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Pascal's principle
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The pressure applied to a confined fluid increases the pressure throughout the fluid by the same amount
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Archemede's principle
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An object floating on a fluid will displace a volume of fluid that has a weight equal to the weight of the object.
An object immersed in a fluid displaces a volume of fluid equal to the volume of the object An object in a fluid (floating or immersed) feels a buoyant force equal to the weight of fluid displaced. |
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Bernoulli's principle
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The faster a fluid flows, the less pressure it exerts
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Viscosity
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measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow in pascal-seconds
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What are the 3 commonly used CO2 absorbers?
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Soda lime
Baralyme Amsorb |
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What are 3 CO2 absorbent complications?
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1) Channeling may result in rebreathing
2) Faulty discoloration 3) Compound A |
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Define Density
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Mass over volume. Most common units are grams/mls
Water's density is 1 gram/ml |
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Define specific gravity
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The density of an object over the density of water. Because it is relative to water it doesn't need units.
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Dalton's Theory
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Three parts:
1. Each element is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms, which are identical for that element but are different (particularly their masses and chemical properties) from atoms of other elements 2.Chemical combination is simply the bonding of a definite, small whole number of atoms of each of the combining elements to make one molecule of the formed compound. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms. 3.No atoms are gained, lost, or changed in identity during a chemical reaction; they are just rearranged to produce new substances. |
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How to recognize Halogens on the periodic table.
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In the second column from the right side of the periodic table, you will find Group Seventeen (Group XVII). This column is the home of the halogen family of elements. Who is in this family? The elements included are Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At).
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Common Elements in Anesthesia:
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Aluminum: Used in anti-acids, and antiperspirants. Alloying it with other metals improves strength.
Barium: Barium swallow- radio opaque. Toxic but poorly absorbed. Calcium: Silver white or grey metal (not naturally in elemental form) essential part of leaves, bones, teeth, and shells. Carbon: Activated charcoal/anhydrous graphite used for absorption of ingested poisonous material. Chlorine: Toxic green gas, disinfectant. Flourine: Poisonous yellow gas. But good for your tooths. Bromine: Only liquid nonmetallic element. Heavy volatile liquid. Very dangerous, can cause skin injuries. Halogen. |
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Define Volatility
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Tendency of a liquid to evaporate
Vapor pressure increases with temperature. Boiling point is reached when the temperature rises enough to make the vapor pressure exceed the atmospheric pressure. |
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"Gas Parameters"
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The relationship between Volume, Temp, Pressure, and Moles.
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DISS system
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The Diameter Index Safety System provides threaded, non-interchangeable connections for medical gas lines, which minimize the risk of misconnection.
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PISS
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Pin Index Safety System:
Pins from various gas containers have corresponding arrangements to prevent connections of incorrect gasses. Oxygen is at pins 2 and 5 and Nitrous is at 3 and 5. |
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PISS O2 configuration
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2-5
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PISS N2O configuration
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3-5
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PISS Air configuration
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1-5
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PISS CO2 configuration
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1-6
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PISS heliox configuration
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2-4
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What is used to indicate change in pH of CO2 absorbant?
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ethyl violet. indicates change in pH r/t CO2 absorbtion <10.3
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What is used to indicate change in pH of CO2 absorbant?
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ethyl violet. indicates change in pH r/t CO2 absorbtion <10.3
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Calculate delivery of O2
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DO2 = CaOs x CO
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Oxygen consumption vs demand
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VO2 = (CaO2 - CvO2) CO
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