Anemia And Hemostasis

Front 1

Etiologies for Anemia are:

Back 1

Decreased formation of RBC

Decreased Hb concentration

Chronic blood loss

Hemolysis

Bone marrow abnormalities

Nutritional deficiency

Front 2

What is the most common Anemia

Back 2

Nutritional anemia

specifically Iron deficiency anemia

Front 3

In all anemias we will see....

Back 3

microscopically hypchromic microcytic red blood cells

small and pale red blood cells

Front 4

Treatment for Iron deficiency anemia is

Back 4

Oral Fe++ supplement as ferrous sulfate

Front 5

Iron defficiency anemia can be due to:

Back 5

acute or chronic blood loss

increased demand as in accelerated growth

heavy menstruation or pregnancy

Front 6

Folic acid deficiency anemia is due to:

Back 6

increased demand in pregnancy and lactation

poor absorption

alcoholism

tx with dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors such as methotrexate and trimethropin

Front 7

Treatment for folic acid deficiency anemia is:

Back 7

folic acid supplements

Front 8

Cyanocobalamin Vit B12 is the same as :

Back 8

Pernicious Anemia

Front 9

This anemia is due to no production of intrinsic factor

Back 9

Pernicious anemia

Front 10

Pernicious anemia is associated with

Back 10

neurologic manifestations

Front 11

Both cyanocobalamin vit B12 and folate deficiency anemias present

Back 11

megaloblastic cells

a blood test is necesary to distinguish them

Front 12

Glycoprotein, kidney hormone that stimulates erythropoiesis

Back 12

Erythropoietin

Front 13

Uses for Erythropoietin

Back 13

End stage renal disease pts so they can produce the adequate amount of rbcs

HIV pts

Front 14

Hydroxyurea is used for:

Back 14

chronic myelogenous leukemia

polycitemia vera

in sickle cell anemia where it increases the concentration of fetal hemoglobin to dilute the concentration of HbS.`

Front 15

Name the 7 platelet aggregator inhibitors

Back 15

Aspirin

Dipirydamole

Ticlopidine

Clopidrogel

Abciximab

Eptifibatide

tirofiban

Front 16

What are platelet aggregator inhibitors good for?

Back 16

used in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

mainteneance of vascular grafts

Front 17

How does aspirin work?

(platelet aggregator inhibitor)

Back 17

It inhibits IRREVERSIBLY the cycloxigenase pathway this way suppresing Thromboxane A2

Front 18

How long does the effct of aspirin last?

Back 18

7-10 days

a loading dose should be used followed by smaller maintaneance doses.

Front 19

This coronary vasodilator is used Prophylactically in CAD (angina)

(platelet aggregator inhibitor)

Back 19

Dipirydamole

Front 20

How does Dipirydamole work?

platelet aggregator inhibitors

Back 20

It increases cAMP levels to reduce the formation of Thromboxane A2

Front 21

This drug is effective in combination with warfarin preventing embolization in prosthetic heart valves

( platelet aggregator inhibitors )

Back 21

Dipyridamole

Front 22

These 2 platelet aggregator inhibitors block the ADP pathway involved in binding the platelets to fibrinogen.

Back 22

Ticlopidine

Clopidrogel

Front 23

these 2 platelet aggregator inhibitors are for people who were treated with aspirin before.

Back 23

Ticlopidine

clopidrogel

the chances of bleeding after discontinuation of these drugs are less than with aspirin

Front 24

Ticlopidine and Clopidrogel are used for?

side effects are?

platelet aggregator inhibitors

Back 24

prevent CVA, CVD, PVD

used in stent insertion

s.e

neutropenia

inhibition of CYP 450

Front 25

Monoclonal antibody against GpIIb/IIa complex blocking the binding of factors I and X to block platelet aggregation

Back 25

Abciximab

Front 26

How do you use Abciximab?

platelet aggregator inhibitors

Back 26

IV

effect persists for 24-48 hrs

Front 27

What is the most common S.E of Abciximab?

platelet aggregator inhibitors

Back 27

Bleeding

Front 28

These 2 platelet aggregator inhibitors have less side effects

Back 28

Eptifibatide

tirofiban

Front 29

This drug is a vit K antagonist that has a rapid oset of action indirectly binding to antithrombin III which inhibits the activation of several clotting factors

Back 29

Heparin

(Anticoagulant)

Front 30

This anticoagulant is the drug of choice during pregnancy

Back 30

Heparin

it doesnt cross the blood brain barrier

Front 31

Clinical uses for Heparin

Back 31

deep vein thrombophlebits

pulmonary embolism

exracorporeal devices

Front 32

Anticoagulants should never be administered

Back 32

IM because they may cause hematomas

Front 33

Adverse side effects of Heparin

Back 33

Hemorrhage

hypersensitivity

thrombocytopenia

Do not use during post operative stages (eye, brain, or spinal cord)

Front 34

A pt has been taking heparin, which caused him to have a hemorrhage, what drug can you give him to stop this?

Back 34

Protamine sulfate

Front 35

This anticoagulant is rat poison

Back 35

Warfarin

Front 36

Anticoagulant that antagonizes the function of Vit K, it blocks factors that depend on it

Back 36

Warfarin

Front 37

How much time after administration does it take Warfarin to work?

Back 37

8-12 hrs

Front 38

this anticoagulant binds 99% to albumin

Back 38

Warfarin

Front 39

Bleeding caused by this drug can be treated with Vit K, fresh frozen plasma and specific blood factors

Back 39

Warfarin

also dont use this on pregnant women, its teratogenic

Front 40

What drugs inhibit the metabolism of Warfarin in serum?

Back 40

Acute alcohol intoxication

cimetidine

chloramphenicol

cotrimoxazole

Metronidzole

Phenylbutazone

Disulfiram

Front 41

Drugs that stimulate the metabolism of Warfarin are:

(reduce it in serum)

Back 41

Chronic alcohol Ingestion

Barbiturates

Clutethimide

Griseofulvin

Rifampin

Front 42

What is Thrombin?

Back 42

Its one of the proteins necessary for the end process of producing stable blood clots. it activates fibrinogen.

Front 43

This anticoagulant is a thrombin antagonist with little or no activity on platelet function

Back 43

Lepirudin

s.e

decreases renal function

Front 44

This thrombin inhibitor is used prophylactically in heparin induced thrombocytopenia(HIT)

Back 44

Argatroban

Front 45

Purely synthetically pentascharide aproved for DVT in orthopedic surgery of hip and knee

may also be used in HIT

Back 45

Fondaprinux

Front 46

These agents were originally indicated for

Deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT)

and acute pulmonary embolism

but now they are also for

acute myocardial infarction (use within 2-12hrs)

Back 46

Thrombolytic agents

converts plasminogen into plasmin which cleaves fibrin, breaking a thrombi

Front 47

These agents are contraindicated for pts with a history of CVA, pregnant, metastatic carcinoma

Back 47

Thrombolytic agents

Front 48

This throbolytic agent is fibrin selective

Back 48

Alteplase

it combines with fibrin ina thrombus

Front 49

Altepase is used for:

Back 49

acute myocardial infarction

acute ischemic infarct (CVA)

pulmonary embolism

Front 50

This drug couples 1:1 with plasminogen

Back 50

Streptokinase

Front 51

Streptokinase is used for

Back 51

Acute myocardial infraction

Deep vein thrombosis

Acute pulmonary embolism

Arterial embolism

Occluded access shunts

Front 52

Modified streptokinase molecule semimselective for clot sites since it binds only to fibrin

Back 52

Anistreplase

Front 53

This drug is used to stop bleedinig and it inhibits plasminogen acivation

Back 53

Aminocaproic acid

intravascular thrombus is a complication

Front 54

This drug may stop bleeding secondary to oral anticoagulants , with a slow response

Back 54

Vit K

Front 55

This drug is used in prophylactic use to reduce perioperative blood loss

Back 55

Apoproptin

Front 56

For immediate hemostasis use:

Back 56

FFP