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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anemia
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-quantitative or qualitative defiance of hemoglobin
-decrease in whole RBC mass -increase RBC loss, decrease RBC production -signs: lathargic, pale mucous membrane, pale skin |
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iron defiency anemia
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-caused by chronic bl. loss
-menorrhagia -bleeding from GIT dyspnea, fatigue, pallor -diet def -low iron, ferratin, RBC count, hemo -hypochromic -microcytic RBC smear -high TIBC |
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megaloblastic anemia
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-abnormally large precursor cells
-cause: def of B12 or follic acid -pancytopenia -oval macrocytosis: big RBC -hypersegmented neutrophils -stomatitis -glossitis -hyperplasia of BM -ataxia gait -hyperreflexia |
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anemia of chronic disease
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-caused by kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic infection
-normochromic:hemo is w/i standard range -- almost like IDA but low TIBC |
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aplastic anemia
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-caused by toxic chemicals
-loss of hemopoetic cells -hypocellular BM -hep c and parvovirus -peripheral pancytopenia |
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hemolytic anemia
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-abnormal breakdown of RBC
-destruction of RBC -increase unconjugated bilirubin -increase urobilinogen [product of bilirubin reduction formed in intestines by bacterial action] |
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immune hemolytic anemia`
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-cold agglutinin
-hemolytic disease of newborn |
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membrane skeletal protein abnormalities
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hereditary spherocytosis
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enzyme deficiency HA
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G6PD def
-pyruvate kinase def |
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hemoglobinopathies
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-hemo S disorder:sickle cell anemia
-thalassemias- alpha and beta |
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hemoglobinemia
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excess hemo in plasma
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hemoglobinuria
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increased hemo in blood
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hemosiderosis
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Fe overload disorder
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reticulocytosis
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an increase in reticulocytes (immature RBC)
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IHA
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-human disease of the newborn
-erythroblastasis fetalis -mother's antibodies attack D antigens in Rh bl. group -mom=Rh(-) "d" baby=Rh(+) D -mom=O----------------A or B A----------------B or AB B----------------A or AB -kernicterus -hydrops fetalis -still birth |
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-erythroblastasis fetalis
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life threatening bleeding disorder in fetus or newborn
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kernicterus
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unconjugated bilirubin accumulates in the basal ganglia and the CNS
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-hydrops fetalis
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edema in at least 2 fetal compartments
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enzyme defiency HA (2)
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-x-linked
-common in blacks -acute, self limited -hemoglobenemia, hemoglobinuria - triggering factors: infections, primaquine, sulfonamides -heinz bodies -pyruvate def -chronic anemia -no spherocytes auto rec |
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- triggering factors:
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infections, primaquine, sulfonamides
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-heinz bodies
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composed of denatured hemo
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hemoglobinopathies (2)
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-abnormal hemo structure
-sickle cell -point mutation on codon 6 of beta globin gene -valine substituted for glutamic acid -severe hemolytic anemia -leg ulcers -pain:BLAC -infarction in lungs and spleen= autosplenectomy -aplastic crisis (fall in hemo) -salmenella |
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autosplenectomy
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-infarction in lungs and spleen
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hemoglobinopathies (3)
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1. hemo S polmerizes at low O2 tention
2. sickle cells 3. RBC mem. stiffens 4. hemolysis/ obstructions of bl. vessels |
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thalassemia
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def, prod. of alpha/ beta globin chunks
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beta thallasemia
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most common form
defect in beta globin gene |
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beta thalassemia MAJOR
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med/ cooley anemia
-decrease in hgb synthesis -short RBC lifespan (insoluble excess alpha chains) -enlarged spleen -head and long bone distortions -microcytosis -hypochromic anemia -hemosiderosis -increase Hgb F throughout life |
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beta thalassemia MINOR
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increase Hgb A2
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alpha thalassemia
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most common in SE asia
asymptomatic fatal |
