Ancient Civilizations - Unit 1

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Greek name for "land between two rivers" in the Fertile Crescent

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MESOPOTAMIA

Front 2

Term for the arabe land between the Tigris & Euphrates rivers

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FERTILE CRESCENT

Front 3

Two rivers in modern-day Iraq in which one of the first civilizations was created

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TIGRIS & EUPHRATES

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Era known as the Old Stone Age; known for simple tools, hunting & gathering, and fire

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PALEOLITHIC

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Era known as the New Stone Age; resulted in development of agriculture and settlements

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NEOLITHIC

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Term for the study of a group's way of life

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CULTURE

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Scientists who uncover artifacts of the past

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ARCHAEOLOGISTS

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Scientists who study artifacts and explain humans' physical and cultural developments

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ANTHROPOLOGISTS

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One of the oldest remains of humans found in the Great Rift Valley by the Leakey family

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LUCY

Front 10

Highly mobile people who move from place to place

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NOMAD

Front 11

Taming of animals

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DOMESTICATION

Front 12

Term for a complex culture with: advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology

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CIVILIZATION

Front 13

Writing system created in Sumer consisting of pictographs

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CUNEIFORM

Front 14

Term for a skilled worker

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ARTISAN

Front 15

Term for the development of skills in a specific kind of work besides farming

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SPECIALIZATION

Front 16

Stepped pyramid; means "mountain of god"; used for religious and political ceremonies

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ZIGGURAT

Front 17

A religion which believes in many gods

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POLYTHEISTIC

Front 18

Term for a political unit that includes a city and the surrounding territory

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CITY-STATE

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A series of rulers from a single family

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DYNASTY

Front 20

Term for the exchange of ideas and items from one culture to another

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CULTURAL DIFFUSION

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Term for the presence of many different cultures in one place

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CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Front 22

Babylonian law code based on the idea of "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth"

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HAMMURABI'S CODE

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Term for written down

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CODIFIED

Front 24

Nickname for the fertile soil deposited by the Nile's predictable flooding

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"GIFT OF THE NILE"

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Type of government in which rule is based on religious authority

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THEOCRACY

Front 26

Term for Egyptian god-kings

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PHARAOHS

Front 27

Resting place for pharaohs

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PYRAMIDS

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Egyptian pictographic writing

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HIEROGLYPHICS

Front 29

Plain formed by two major Indian rivers where most of the settlement and agriculture occurred

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Indo-Gangetic Plain

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Holy river of India

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Ganges River

Front 31

Two Indus cities that show evidence of Indus Valley civilization

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Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

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Early invaders of India that established Hinduism in India

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ARYANS

Front 33

Belief that a ruler must rule wisely and justly in order to continue ruling

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MANDATE OF HEAVEN

Front 34

A political system in which nobles, or lords, are granted the use of lands that kegally belong to the king. In return nobles owe loyalty and military service to the king

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FEUDALISM

Front 35

Term for the patterns of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties

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DYNASTIC CYCLE

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Term Chinese gave to anyone who was not Chinese

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BARBARIAN

Front 37

Term for government workers

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BUREAUCRACY

Front 38

Rule by a family

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DYNASTY

Front 39

Family/society dominated by men

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PATRIARCHAL

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Family/society deminated by women

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MATRIARCHAL

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Respect for parents/family/elders

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FILIAL PIETY

Front 42

Fortified center of a city

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CITADEL

Front 43

Grew just enough food to feed their families

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SUBSISTENCE FARMERS

Front 44

Ur, Bronze weapons, ziggurats, cuneiform

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SUMER

Front 45

Hebrews, overrun by the Assyrian empire, King Solomon's temple was destroyed by King Nebuchadnezzar II who enslaved the Jews (Hebrews) for 600 years, monotheism

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CANAAN (ISRAEL/PALESTINE)

Front 46

King Cyrus & Darius, reached into India, tolerant of the Jews, taken over by the Greeks, Zoroastrianism

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PERSIANS

Front 47

Maritime explorers in the Mediterranean Sea, spread the Latin alphabet, their writing system, and the Greek culture through trade

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PHOENICIANS

Front 48

Says - good & evil battle for control of the soul, people must fend off evil, after death people are judged on actions and may have a blissful afterlife if they were good

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Zoroastrianism

Front 49

No war during reign, strong leader, expanded trade

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Hatshepsut

Front 50

Lived in forest, created wall-like structures for protection, prayed through oracle bones that were used to communicate with the gods

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Shang dynasty (Haung He)

Front 51

"River of Sorrows" regularly flooded, Grand Canal linked it to the Yangtze river in the South for communication & trade

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Huang He (Yellow) river

Front 52

Bronze tools, silk cloth, writing, feudalism, "warring states period"

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Zhou Dynasty

Front 53

Strict social system determined by birth

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caste system

Front 54

Vedia & reincarnation, polytheistic, caste, indoor plumbing, weights and measures

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Ancient Indus River Civilization