Anatomy Urinary System

Front 1

What is the organ that filters the blood and produces urine?

Back 1

Kidney

Front 2

Muscular tubes carry urine from kidneys to bladder

Back 2

Ureter

Front 3

Muscular sac stores urine

Back 3

Urinary Bladder

Front 4

Muscular tube carries urine from bladder to outside

Back 4

Urethra

Front 5

Describe the position of the kidneys relative to the vertebral column and the peritoneum

Back 5

*Lateral to vertebral column b/w T12 & L3 on each side
*Right is slightly lower that left
*Retroperitoneal (behind peritoneum)

Front 6

Describe the location of the urinary bladder in men and women

Back 6

In both –Posterior to symphysis pubis
Men –Base is b/w rectum & pubic symphysis, Sup to prostaste/Ant to rectum
Women –Ant to vagina & uterus

Front 7

What tissue lines the urinary bladder?

Back 7

Transitional Epithelium

Front 8

Match the muscles that control the release of urine from the body to their description.
Involuntary, smooth muscle

Back 8

Internal Urethral Sphincter

Front 9

Match the muscles that control the release of urine from the body to their description.
Voluntary, skeletal muscle

Back 9

External Urethral Shpincter

Front 10

List 7 functions performed by the kidney.

Back 10

*Regulate Plasma Ion Concentrations
*Regulate Blood Volume/Pressure
*Maintain Blood pH
*Conserve Nutrients
*Eliminate organic wastes
*Synthesize Calcitrol
*Assis liver in detox

Front 11

Match the 3 layers surrounding the kidney to their description
Collagen fibers covering kidney surface

Back 11

Renal Capsule

Front 12

Match the 3 layers surrounding the kidney to their description
Adipose tissue surrounding kidney

Back 12

Adipose Capsule / perinephretic fat

Front 13

Match the 3 layers surrounding the kidney to their description
Collagen fibers binding kidney to muscle and peritoneum

Back 13

Renal Fascia

Front 14

What do we call the concave, medial portion of the kidney where vessels enter or exit?

Back 14

Hilum

Front 15

What do we call the outer, granular, reddish-brown layer of the kidney?

Back 15

Renal Cortex

Front 16

What do we call the internal, darker layer of the kidney that consists of 6-18 triangular structures?

Back 16

Renal Medulla

Front 17

What do we call triangular structures in the kidneys?

Back 17

Renal Pyramids

Front 18

What are the light-colored bands (cortex extensions) that separate the triangles in the kidneys?

Back 18

Renal Columns

Front 19

What do we call the internal space (lateral to the hilum) that contains vessels, particularly the tubes that collect urine, and adipose tissue?

Back 19

Renal Sinus

Front 20

What do we call the functional unit of the kidney consisting of a renal pyramid, the overlying cortex, and adjacent segment of renal column?

Back 20

Renal Lobe

Front 21

List the tubes (within the renal sinus) that transport urine from the renal pyramids to the ureter from small to large

Back 21

Minor Calyx
Major Calyx
Renal Pelvis

Front 22

What microscopic tubular structures within the kidney produce urine?

Back 22

THE NEPHRON – you have about 2.5 million of them.

Front 23

What are the three processes of urine formation?

Back 23

*Filtration
*Tubular Reabsorption (of ions)
*Tubular Secretion (get rid of high concentrations)

Front 24

What do we call the filtering component of the nephron that contains a capillary network that serves to filter the smaller contents (excludes cells and plasma proteins) from the blood and a cup-like portion that serves as the beginning of the urine forming tubular portion of the nephron?

Back 24

Renal Corpuscle

Front 25

What is the name for the cup-like portion of The renal Corpuscle that collects fluids from a capillary network filter?

Back 25

Glomerular Capsule

Front 26

Match the blood vessels of the renal corpuscle to their description
Arteriole bringing blood to capillary filter

Back 26

Afferent Arteriole

Front 27

Match the blood vessels of the renal corpuscle to their description
Capillary filter between arterioles

Back 27

Glomerulus

Front 28

Match the blood vessels of the renal corpuscle to their description
Arteriole taking blood from capillary filter

Back 28

Efferent Arteriole

Front 29

List 3 factors that make the capillary network of the renal corpuscle act as a filter

Back 29

*Afferent Arteriole is wider than efferent, causing high press
*Glomerulus is leakey (podocytes)
*Capillary endothelium is fenestrated (not as porous as the liver

Front 30

What is the name of the urine forming tubular portion of the nephron (has 3 primary regions)?

Back 30

Renal Tubule

Front 31

Match the 3 parts of the renal tubule to their description.
First section, microvilli covered simple cuboidal epithelium actively absorbs nutrients and ions, passively absorbs water

Back 31

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Front 32

Match the 3 parts of the renal tubule to their description
Middle section, travels into and out of medulla, two portions

Back 32

Nephron Loop

Front 33

Part of the Nephron Loop which Transports sodium and chloride ions into medulla, cuboidal

Back 33

Thick Section

Front 34

Part of the Nephron Loop which Allows water to pass into medulla, squamous

Back 34

Thin Section

Front 35

Match the 3 parts of the renal tubule to their description
Final section, simple cuboidal epithelium lacks microvilli
actively secretes ions, hydrogen ions / selectively reabsorbs sodium, calcium, water

Back 35

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Front 36

What do we call the tubes, sensitive to ADH and can absorb water from the tubular fluid, that collect tubular fluid from many nephrons?

Back 36

Collecting Ducts

Front 37

Through what structure does the collecting duct open into the minor calyx?

Back 37

Renal Papilla

Front 38

List the two types of nephron based on the location of their renal corpuscle.
Within the cortex

Back 38

Cortical Nephrons

Front 39

List the two types of nephron based on the location of their renal corpuscle.
At the junction of the cortex and medulla

Back 39

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

Front 40

What feature is useful for discriminating between these two both anatomically and functionally?

Back 40

Lenght of the Nephron Loop
(Juxtamedullary has the longest nephron loop)

Front 41

Match the capillary networks that arise from the efferent arteriole to their descriptions.
Cortical capillaries surrounding convoluted tubules –
Associated with cortical nephrons

Back 41

Peritubular Capillaries

Front 42

Match the capillary networks that arise from the efferent arteriole to their descriptions.
Medullary capillaries surrounding nephron loop –
Associated with juxtamedullary nephrons

Back 42

Vasa Recta

Front 43

What structures consist of a couple of cell types working together to regulate blood pressure by responding to changes in blood volume or solute concentration by secreting a hormone (renin) that initiates a metabolic pathway that leads to an increase in blood volume?

Back 43

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus