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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Buccopharyngeal Membrane
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cranial end of foregut, endoderm and ectoderm are still in contact
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Stomodeum
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depression in the buccopharyngeal membrane that will become the oral cavity
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What are the germ disc layers of the pharyngeal arches?
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covered externally by ectoderm and internally by endoderm
filled w/ paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest ectoderm |
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Ectodermal Placodes
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thickenings on the surface ectoderm of pharyngeal arches
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what is the function of ectodermal placodes?
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assist neural crest cells in formation of sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
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Pharyngeal Clefts
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depressions b/t pharyngeal arches
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Nerves of the Pharyngeal Arches
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1: CN 5 (Trigeminal)
2: CN 7 (Facial) 3: CN 9 4: CN 10 (superior laryngeal) 6: CN 10 (recurrent/inferior laryngeal) |
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First Pharyngeal Arch derivatives
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Dorsal: Maxillary process
Ventral: Mandibular process, Meckel's cartilage (obliterated) |
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Muscles of the First Pharyngeal Arch
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muscles of jaw
temporalis, maseter, mylohyoid |
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Second Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives
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Hyoid Arch
leads to stapes, styloid process, and hyoid bone muscles of facial expression |
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External Auditory Meatus features
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form from 1st pharyngeal cleft
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Auricular Hillocks
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3 bumps formed from 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches
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Axon Hillock names of 1st pharyngeal arch
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tragus
helix cymba concha |
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Axon Hillock names of 2nd pharyngeal arch
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antitragus
antihelix concha |
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Pharyngeal Arch Ateries
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1: Maxillary
2: Stapedial and Hyoid 3: common carotid 4: aortic arch, right subclavian 6: pulmonary |
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Pharyngeal Clefts
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1st and 2nd clefts becomes external auditory meatus
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Tympanic Membrane
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membrane b/t cleft and pouch
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Pharyngeal Pouch Derivatives:
1st pouch |
Tubotympanic recess
middle ear cavity and Eustachian Tube |
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Pharyngeal Pouch Derivatives:
2nd pouch |
most degenerates
forms the palatine tonsils and tonsillar fossa |
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Pharyngeal Pouch Derivatives:
3rd pouch |
dorsal: inferior parathyroid gland
ventral: thymus |
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Pharyngeal Pouch Derivatives:
4th pouch |
dorsal: superior parathyroid gland
ventral: degenerates |
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Pharyngeal Pouch Derivatives:
5th pouch |
becomes Ultimobranchial body, which fuses w/ thyroid gland
giving rise to C cells that release calcitonin |
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Origin of cartilage and bone in head?
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neural crest cells
rest of body is mesoderm |
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where do neural crest cell originate?
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dorsal margins of neural folds, Rhombomeres
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Where do Rhombomere 2 cells go?
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1st pharyngeal arch, for growth of trigeminal nerve
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Where do Rhombomere 4 cells go?
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2nd pharyngeal arch, directing growth of facial nerve
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Where do Rhombomere 6 cells go?
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3rd pharyngeal arch, directing growth of glossopharyngeal arch
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do branchial arches depend on neural crest cells to form?
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no, there are regulated by endoderm of pharyngeal pouches
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Derivatives of the Floor of Pharynx:
Tongue overall |
incorporates parts of 1-4 branchial arches
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Derivatives of the Floor of Pharynx:
Tongue Anterior 2/3 |
derived from branchial arch 1
lateral swellings fuse at midline to give anterior 2/3 |
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Derivatives of the Floor of Pharynx:
Tongue Posterior 1/3 |
derived from branchial arches 2-4
form the copula |
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Sensory Innervation of the Tongue
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Anterior 2/3: CN 5 Trigeminal and CN 7 Facial
Posterior 1/3: CN 9 Glossopharyngeal Root: CN 10 vagus |
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Motor Innervation of the Tongue
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Hypoglossal, CN 12
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Derivatives of the Floor of Pharynx:
Thyroid Gland |
begins b/t tuberculum impar and copula, branches 1-2
thyroid descends and is joined by Ultimobranchial body (C-Cells) |
