Anatomy Test 3

Front 1

which occurs in the cellular level of the body results in the production of various waste products which must be removed from the body to prevent them from building up to toxic levels

Back 1

Metabolism

Front 2

Functions of the urinary system

Back 2

Cleans waste products out of the blood
Maintain proper levels of fluids and salts in the bloodstream
Controls the acid-base balance of the blood

Front 3

________is extremely important to achieving proper homeostasis in the body; it must operate in its intended manner if a state of health is to be maintained

Back 3

urinary system

Front 4

the chief organs of the urinary system; all the important functions of blood filtration are performed in the kidneys

Back 4

Kidneys

Front 5

allow removal of unwanted wastes, water, and ions, while retaining desirable substances and returning them to the blood

Back 5

The kidneys

Front 6

are in the back of the abdominal cavity, located just above the waistline, and are protected by the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs

Back 6

The kidneys

Front 7

They are shaped like kidney beans, and are not really large in size

Back 7

The kidneys

Front 8

_______ is slightly higher than the right due to the large amount of room occupied by the liver in the abdominal cavity

Back 8

the kidney

Front 9

What are four functions of the urinary system?

Back 9

Clean waste products out of the blood
Maintain proper levels of fluids and salts in the bloodstream
Controls the acid-base balance of the blood
Achieve proper homeostasis in the body by maintaining a proper state of health

Front 10

True or False- All the important functions of blood cell production are performed in the kidneys

Back 10

False- All the important functions of blood filtration are performed in the kidneys

Front 11

Where are they kidneys located?

Back 11

The kidneys are in the back of the abdominal cavity, located just above the waistline
They are at the level of the vertebral bones T-12 to L-3, protected by the eleventh and twelfth pairs of ribs

Front 12

are retroperitoneal, which means they are situated behind the peritoneal sack

Back 12

Kidneys

Front 13

concavity on the medial side of the kidney; the hilum is where structures such as blood vessels, nerves, and the ureters leave the kidneys

Back 13

Hilum

Front 14

The outer surface of the kidney is covered over with a fibrous capsule and a layer of adipose tissue called the

Back 14

PERIRENAL FAT PAD

Front 15

The kidneys has three subdivisions:

Back 15

Cortex, Medulla, and Kidney Pelvis-

Front 16

the upper, expanded part of the ureter; serves as a collecting basin for urine that is funneled out of the kidney

Back 16

Kidney Pelvis-

Front 17

the inner layer of the kidney; contains the renal pyramids, which are striated triangular-shaped parts of the medulla

Back 17

Medulla

Front 18

the outer layer of the kidney

Back 18

Cortex

Front 19

True or False- The area where structures such as blood vessels, nerves, and the ureters leave the kidneys is known as the cortex

Back 19

False- The area where structures such as blood vessels, nerves, and the ureters leave the kidneys is known as the HILUM

Front 20

send urine out of the kidney and down to the urinary bladder;

Back 20

Ureters-tubes

Front 21

begin as a narrow portion of the funnel-like kidney pelvis; they are about 10-12 inches long

Back 21

Ureters

Front 22

The _______ are lined with smooth muscle tissue; peristalsis takes place along the ureters to move the urine along its course

Back 22

ureters

Front 23

a reservoir for urine awaiting periodic discharge from the body

Back 23

Urinary bladder-

Front 24

;the walls of the bladder are made up of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, which allow the bladder to expand considerably in order to hold various amounts of urine

Back 24

At the base of the ureters;the

Front 25

The tube carrying urine out of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body; it is lined with mucous membrane

Back 25

Urethra

Front 26

The _______ exits the inferior portion of the bladder; in the female it is about 1 ½ inches long and in a male it is about 8 inches in length

Back 26

Urethra

Front 27

Also in the male, the ______ serves the dual function of tranporting spermatozoa to the outside; therefore it is considered to be part of both the urinary and reproductive systems

Back 27

urethra

Front 28

is an important diagnostic tool used to indicate various disease processes in the body

Back 28

Urinalysis

Front 29

Urine is normally about ___ water and ___ waste products, such as urea, uric acid, and ammonia

Back 29

95%, 5%

Front 30

_____ tests can be run on urine samples to determine an individual’s relative state of health

Back 30

Many

Front 31

True/False The digestive system and the urinary system are not the only systems in the human body to get rid of wastes

Back 31

true

Front 32

Other organs in the body, such as the ____ , _____, and ____, are also accessory organs which help to eliminate various types of wastes from the body

Back 32

lungs, skin, liver

Front 33

eliminate waste gas known as carbon dioxide

Back 33

Lungs

Front 34

eliminates excess water, salt, and some urea in sweating

Back 34

Skin

Front 35

indirectly eliminates nitrogenous waste products from the body by forming urea from these products and releasing it into the bloodstream for the kidneys to filter out

Back 35

Liver

Front 36

True or False- The ureters are tubes which send urine out of the kidney and down to the urinary bladder

Back 36

True

Front 37

True or False-The urethra is lined with mucous membrane

Back 37

True

Front 38

The primary purpose of the ___________is the production of new life within a species

Back 38

reproductive system

Front 39

The reproductive cell is called a _______, which is produced by one parent from each sex

Back 39

gamete

Front 40

The male gamete is called the

Back 40

spermatozoa

Front 41

The female gamete is called an

Back 41

ovum

Front 42

The process of combining these reproductive cells is known as ________, which is the the beginning of new life

Back 42

fertilization

Front 43

paired, oval-shaped glands which are the main, essential organs of the male reproductive system; they are contained within the Scrotum, which is a sack of loose skin and fascia suspended from the lower anterior pelvic wall

Back 43

Testes

Front 44

The testes are responsible for producing

Back 44

:
a. spermatozoa- the male reproductive cells
b. testosterone- a hormone which aids in stimulating various bodily functions or characteristics in males; called the “masculinizing” hormone

Front 45

a hormone which aids in stimulating various bodily functions or characteristics in males; called the “masculinizing” hormone

Back 45

testosterone

Front 46

The testes are subdivided into 200-300 smaller lobes; each lobe contains tightly coiled tubules called

Back 46

seminiferous tubules

Front 47

The ________ of the seminiferous tubules is where the spermatozoa are produced

Back 47

inner linings

Front 48

The process that immature cells progress through before they become mature spermatozoa is known as

Back 48

spermatogenesis

Front 49

Spermatozoa are produced in the testes, then they move into the

Back 49

spermatic duct

Front 50

The spermatic duct has three sections:

Back 50

epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct

Front 51

the first section of the spermatic duct; a tightly coiled and twisted structure lying on the posterior surface of the testes; spermatozoa mature as they pass through this portion of the spermatic duct

Back 51

Epididymis

Front 52

the second section of the spermatic duct; delivers spermatozoa toward the last section of the spermatic duct and eventually the urethra

Back 52

Ductus (vas) Deferens-

Front 53

third section of the spermatic duct; empties semen into the urethra

Back 53

Ejaculatory Duct-

Front 54

fluid produced by the seminal vesicles which helps to transport and nourish the spermatozoa

Back 54

Seminal fluid-

Front 55

organ encircling the urethra just inferior to the bladder; it also adds a secretion to the seminal fluid which helps to activate spermatozoa

Back 55

Prostate gland-

Front 56

add an alkaline secretion to the seminal fluid which helps to buffer the acidity of the male urethra and the female reproductive tract

Back 56

Bulborethral glands (Cowper’s glands)-

Front 57

male reproductive organ designed to deliver spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract

Back 57

Penis

Front 58

What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

Back 58

The primary purpose of the reproductive system is the production of new life within a species

Front 59

True or False- The reproductive cell is called a zygote

Back 59

False, The reproductive cell is called a gamete, which is produced by one parent from each sex

Front 60

What are the testes responsible for producing?

Back 60

a. spermatozoa- the male reproductive cells

b. testosterone- a hormone which aids in stimulating various bodily functions or characteristics in males; called the “masculinizing” hormone

Front 61

-the essential organs of the female reproductive system; they are located in the pelvic cavity, and are attached by ligaments to the pelvic wall

Back 61

Ovaries

Front 62

are heterocrine glands because they produce both an exocrine secretion (ova) and endocrine secretions called hormones

Back 62

Ovaries

Front 63

is the process of egg (ova) formation that takes place in the ovaries

Back 63

Oogenesis

Front 64

The hormones that are secreted by the ovaries are

Back 64

estrogen and progesterone

Front 65

serve as passageways for an ovum to reach the uterus; the funnel-shaped end of a fallopian tube, called the infundibulum, contains fringe-like projections called fimbriae

Back 65

Fallopian tubes-

Front 66

The waving _______ create currents which attract the ovum into the fallopian tube

Back 66

fimbriae

Front 67

the inside of the fallopian tube is lined with _______________which help move the ovum along toward the uterus

Back 67

ciliated epithelial cells

Front 68

The fallopian tube is the normal point of fertilization for a ___________

Back 68

spermatozoa and an ovum

Front 69

once an ovum is fertilized, it is referred to as a ________, which contains the genetic make-up of both parents

Back 69

zygote,

Front 70

the female organ serving as the point of development of a fetus during the period of gestation, which is from the time of conception to birth

Back 70

Uterus

Front 71

is an inverted, pear-shaped organ, situated behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum; the ______ is a muscular organ that has three distinct layers

Back 71

uterus

Front 72

the inner lining of the uterus

Back 72

Endometrium

Front 73

- the middle, muscular layer of the uterus

Back 73

Myometrium

Front 74

-the serous, outer lining around the uterus

Back 74

Perimetrium

Front 75

The uterus can be subdivided into three sections

Back 75

fundus, body, and cervix

Front 76

the constricted, neck-like inferior part, which opens into the vagina

Back 76

Cervix-

Front 77

the main, central portion of the uterus

Back 77

Body-

Front 78

- upper, dome-shaped portion of the uterus

Back 78

Fundus

Front 79

- the muscular passageway from the uterus to the outside of the body; it is also known as the birth canal

Back 79

Vagina

Front 80

The external female genitals are collectively referred to as the

Back 80

vulva

Front 81

the opening into the urethra, just anterior to the vaginal orifice

Back 81

Urethral Orifice-

Front 82

- are of adipose tissue and skin, covered with pubic hair, which overlies the pubic bone

Back 82

Mons Pubis

Front 83

two smaller folds of tissue, covering the entranceway into the vagina

Back 83

Labia Minora-

Front 84

- two folds of skin, runnin inferiorly and posteriorly from the mons pubis, and enclosing the labia minora, urethral orifice, clitoris, hymen, and vestuble

Back 84

Labia Majora

Front 85

the entranceway into the vagina, between the two labia minora

Back 85

Vestibule-

Front 86

a mass of highly sensitive erectile tissue, located at the anterior junction of the labia minora

Back 86

Clitoris-

Front 87

- a thin mucous membrane which partially covers the entrance into the vagina

Back 87

Hymen

Front 88

)- accessory organs of reproduction; they lie anterior to the pectoral muscles of the thorax, and are attached to them by connective tissue

Back 88

Mammary glands (breasts

Front 89

What is the difference between the infundibulum of the fallopian tubes and the fimbriae

Back 89

the funnel-shaped end of a fallopian tube is called the infundibulum;
fimbriae are the fringe-like projections contained within the infundibulum