Anatomy Shoulder Complex

Front 1

Deltoid
O:
I:
N:

Actions ?:
All Fibers
Anterior Fibers
Posterior Fibers

Back 1

O:
Lateral one third of clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

I: Deltoid tuberosity

N: Axillary from brachial plexus

Hint 1

A: All Fibers ABD the shoulder (GH jt)

Anterior Fibers:
Flex the shoulder (GH joint)
MR the shoulder (GH joint)
Horizontally Abduct the shoulder (GH joint)

Posterior Fibers:
Extend th shoulder (g/h joint)
LR the shoulder (g/h joint)
Hor ABD the shoulder (g/h joint)

Front 2

Latissimus Dorsi

O:

I:

N:

A:

Back 2

O:
Sp. process last 6 thoracic vert.
Last 3-4 ribs
Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
Posterior iliac crest

I: Crest of L. Tubercle of humerus

N: Thoracodorsal

Hint 2

A:
Extend the shoulder (GH joint)
ADD the shoulder (GH joint)
MR shoulder (GH joint)

Front 3

Teres Major

Back 3

O: Lateral side of inferior angle
Lower half of lateral border of scapula

I: Crest of the L. Tubercle of humerus

N: Lower Subscapular

Hint 3

A:
Extend the shoulder (g/h joint)
ADD the shoulder (g/h joint)
MR the shoulder (g/h joint)

Front 4

Supraspinatus

Back 4

O: Supraspinous Fossa of scapula

I: Gr. Tubercle of humerus

N: Suprascapular

Hint 4

A:
--ABD the shouder (g/h joint)
--Stabilize head of humerus in glenoid
cavity

Front 5

Infraspinatus

Back 5

O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: Gr. tubercle of he humerus

N: Suprascapular

Hint 5

A:
--LR shoulder
--ADD the shoulder
--Extend the shoulder
--Horizontally ABD the shoulder
--Stabilize head of humerus in
glenoid cavity

Front 6

Biceps Brachii

Short Head O:
Long Head O:

I:
N:
A:

Back 6

Short Head O:
Coracoid Process of scapula

Long Head O:
Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I: Tub. of the radius and apon. of the biceps brachii

N: Musculocutaneous

Hint 6

A:
Flex the elbow
Supinate forearm
Flex shoulder

Front 7

Coracobrachialis

Back 7

O: Coracoid Process

I: Medial surface of mid-humeral shaft

N: Musculocutaneous

Hint 7

A: Flex shoulder
Adduct shoulder

Front 8

Pronator Quadratus

Back 8

O: Medial, anterior surface of distal ulna

I: Lateral, anterior surface of distal radius

N: Median

Hint 8

A: Pronate forearm

Front 9

Supinator

Back 9

O:
Radial Collateral Ligament
Annular Ligament
Supinator crest of Ulna

I: Lateral surface of proximal shaft of Radius

N: Radial

Hint 9

A: Supinate forearm

Front 10

Levator Scapula
O:
I:
N:

Unilaterally A:
Bilaterally A:

Back 10

O: Transverse processes of first through 4th cervical vertebrae

I: Upper region of medial border and superior angle

N: Dorsal scapular and cervical nerves

Hint 10

Bilaterally A: Extends head and neck

Unilaterally A:
Elevate scapula
DR scapula
Laterally flex head and neck
Rotate head and neck to SS

Front 11

Pectoralis minor

Also, what action if scapula is fixed?

Back 11

O: Ribs 3-5

I: Coracoid process of scapula

N: Medial pectoral

Hint 11

A: Depress scapula
Abduct scapula
Tilt scapula anteriorly

If Scapula is fixed:
Assist in forced inhalation

Front 12

Pectoralis Major
O:
I:
N:

All Fibers A:
Upper Fibers A:
Lower Fibers A:

Back 12

O: Medial half of clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of 1st-6th ribs

I: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus

N: Medial and Lateral pectoral

Hint 12

All Fibers A:
Adduct shoulder
MR shoulder
Assist in elevation the thorax in forced inhalation

Upper Fibers A:
Flex shoulder
Horizontally Adduct shoulder

Lower Fibers A:
Extend shoulder

Front 13

Trapezius:

Back 13

O: External occipital protuberance
Medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T12

I: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

N: Spinal accessory and cervical plexus

Hint 13

Upper Fibers A:
Bilaterally: Extend head and neck

Unilaterally: Laterally flex head and neck SS
Rotate head and neck to OS
Elevate scapula
Upwardly rotate the scapula

Middle Fibers A:
Adduct scapula
Stabilize the scapula

Lower Fibers A:
Depress scapula
UR scapula

Front 14

Anconeus

Back 14

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: Olecranon process and lateral edge of ulnar shaft

N: Radial

Hint 14

A: Extend elbow

Front 15

Subscapularis

Back 15

O: Subscapular fossa of the scapula

I: Lesser tubercle of humerus

N: Upper and lower subscapular

Hint 15

A: MR shoulder
Stabilize head of humerus

Front 16

Teres Minor

Back 16

O: Superior half of lateral border of scapula

I: Greater tubercle of the humerus

N: Axillary

Hint 16

A: LR the shoulder
Adduct shoulder
Extend shoulder
Horizontally abduct shoulder
Stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Front 17

Rhomboids
Major O and I:
Minor O and I:
N:
A:

Back 17

Major O: Spinous processes of T2 to T5

Minor O: Spinous processes of C7 to T1
Lig. Nuchae (lower)

Major I: Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle

Minor I: Upper portion of medial border of scapula, across spine

N: Dorsal scapular from brachial plexus

Hint 17

A: Adduct scapula
Elevate scapula
Downwardly rotate scapula

Front 18

Serratus Anterior
O:
I:
N:

If origin is fixed Action:...
If scapula is fixed Action...

Back 18

O: Surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs

I: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

N: Long thoracic

Hint 18

With Origin Fixed A:
Abduct scapula
Depress scapula
Hold the medial border of scapula against the rib cage
.
If scapula is fixed:
May act in forced inhalation

Front 19

Subclavius

Back 19

O: 1st rib and cartilage

I: Inferior, lateral aspect of clavicle

N: Subclavian

Hint 19

A: Draw clavicle inferiorly and anteriorly
Elevate 1st rib to assist in inhalation
Stabilize the sterno-clavicular joint

Front 21

Triceps Brachii:

Long Head O:
Lateral Head O:
Medial Head O:

I:
N:

All Heads Action:
Long Head Action:

Back 21

Long Head O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral Head O: Posterior surface of proximal half of humerus

Medial Head O: Posterior surface of distal half of the humerus

I: Olecranon process of ulna

N: Radial

Hint 21

Long Head A:
Extend shoulder
Adduct shoulder

ALL Heads: Extend elbow

Front 22

Brachialis

Back 22

O: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

I: Tuberosity an dCoronoid Process of Ulna

N: Musculocutaneous

Hint 22

A: Flex teh elbow

Front 23

Brachioradialis

Back 23

O: Lateral Supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: Styloid Process of Radius

N: Radial

Hint 23

A: Flex elbow
Assist forearm pronation/supination when movements are resisted

Front 24

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Back 24

O: Lateral Supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: Base of second metacarpal

N: Radial

Hint 24

A: Extend the wrist
Abduct the wrist
Assist to flex the elbow

Front 25

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Back 25

O: Lateral Supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: Base of 3rd MC

N: Radial

Hint 25

A:
Extend wrist
Abduct wrist
Assist elbow flexion

Front 26

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Back 26

O: Common Extensor Tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: Base 5th MC

N: Radial

Hint 26

A:
Extend wrist
Adduct wrist

Front 27

Extensor Digitorum

Back 27

O: Common Extensor Tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers

N: radial

Hint 27

A:
Extend the 2nd -5th fingers (MCP and IP joints)
Assist to extend wrist

Front 28

Extensor Indicis

Back 28

O: Posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna and IM

I: Tendon of the extensor digitorum at level of 2nd MC

N: Radial

Hint 28

A: Extend 2nd finger
Assist to adduct the 2nd finger

Front 29

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Back 29

O: Common Flexor Tendon from medial epicondyle

I: Bases of 2nd and 3rd MC

N: Median

Hint 29

A: Flex wrist
Abduct wrist
Flex elbow

Front 30

Palmaris Longus

Back 30

O: Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle

I: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

N: Median

Hint 30

A:
Tense palmar fascia
Flex wrist
Flex elbow

Front 31

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Humeral Head O:
Ulnar Head O:

I:
N:

Back 31

Humeral head O: CFT from medial epicondyle of humerus

Ulnar head O: Posterior surface of proximal half of ulnar shaft

I: Pisiform

N: Ulnar

Hint 31

A:
Flex wrist
Adduct wrist
Assist to flex elbow

Front 32

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Back 32

O: CFT from medial epidondyle of humerus
UCL
Coronoid process of ulna and shaft of radius

I: By four tendons into sides of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers

N: Ulnar

Hint 32

A:
Flex 2nd-5th fingers
Flex wrist

Front 33

Pronator Teres

Back 33

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
CFT
Coronoid process of ulna

I: Middle of lateral surface of radius

N: Median

Hint 33

A:
Pronate forearm
Assist elbow flexion

Front 34

Supinator:

Back 34

O: Radial collateral ligament
Annular ligament and supinator crest of the ulna

I: Lateral surface of proximal shaft of radius

N: Radial

Hint 34

A: Supinate forearm

Front 35

Opponens Pollicis

Back 35

O: Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium

I: Entire length of 1st MC bone, radial side

N: Median

Hint 35

A: Opposition of thumb at CMC joint

Front 36

Adductor Pollicis

Back 36

O: Capitate, 2nd and 3rd MCs

I: Base of proximal phalange of thumb

N: Ulnar

Hint 36

A:
Adduct the thumb
Assist in flexion of the thumb

Front 37

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Back 37

O: Flexor retinaculum, trapezium and scaphoid tubercles

I: Base of proximal phalange of the thumb

N: Median

Hint 37

A: Abduct the thumb
Assist in opposition of the thumb

Front 38

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Superficial Head O:
Deep Head O

I:
N:

Back 38

Superficial Head O: Flexor retinaculum

Deep Head O: trapezium, trapezoid and capitate

I: Base of proximal phalange of thumb

N: Median and ulnar

Hint 38

A: Flex the thumb
Assist in opposition of the thumb

Front 39

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Back 39

O: Posterior surface of radius and ulna, and IM

I: Base of 1st MC

N: Radial

Hint 39

A: Abduct thumb
Extend thumb

Front 40

Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis

EPL O and I:
EPB O and I:

N:

Back 40

Longus O: Posterior surface of ulna and IM
Brevis O: Posterior surface of radius adn IM

Longus I: Distal phalange of thumb
Brevis I: Proximal phalange of thumb

N: Radial

Hint 40

A: Extend thumb
Assist to extend thumb

Front 41

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Back 41

O: Anterior surface of radius and IM

I: Distal phalange of thumb

N: Median

Hint 41

A: Flex thumb
Assist to flex thumb

Front 42

Lumbricals

2nd and 3rd N:
4th and 5th N:

Back 42

O: Surfaces of flexor digitorum profundus tendons

I: Extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surface of phalanges

N: 2nd and 3rd: Median nerve
4th and 5th: Ulnar

Hint 42

A: Extend the 2nd-5th fingers at IP joints
Flex 2nd-5th fingers at MCP joints

Front 43

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 43

O: Pisiform and flexor retinaculum

I: Base of proximal phalange of 5th finger, ulnar surface

N: Ulnar

Hint 43

A: Abduct 5th finger
Assist in opposition of 5th finger toward the thumb

Front 44

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Back 44

O: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

I: Base of proximal phalange of 5th finger, palmar surface

N: Ulnar

Hint 44

A: Flex the 5th finger
Assist in opposition of 5th finger toward thumb

Front 45

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Back 45

O: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

I: Shaft of 5th MC

N: Ulnar

Hint 45

Opposition of 5th finger at the CMC joint

Front 46

Palmar Interossei

Back 46

O: Base of 1, 2, 4, and 5 MCs

I: Base of proximal phalange of related finger and Extensor Apon.

N: Ulnar

Hint 46

A:
Adduct thumb, 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers toward the third finger
Assist in flexion of thumb, 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers at MCP jts
Assist in extension of thumb, 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers at IP jts

Front 47

Dorsal Interossei

Back 47

O: Shafts of all 5 MCs

I: Base of proximal phalange of 2, 3, and 4th fingers and Ext. Apon.

N: Ulnar

Hint 47

A:
Abduct 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at MC jts
Assist flexion of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at MC jts
Assist in extension of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at IP jts

Front 48

Quadratus Femoris

Back 48

O: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

I: Intertrochanteric crest, between greater and lesser trochanters

N: Branch of sacral plexus

Hint 48

A: LR hip

Front 49

Obturator Internus

Back 49

O: Obturator membrane and inferior surface of obturator foramen

I: Medial surface of greater trochanter

N: Branch of sacral plexus

Hint 49

A: LR hip

Front 50

Sartorius

Back 50

O: ASIS

I: Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserius tendon

N: Femoral

Hint 50

Flex hip
LR hip
Abduct hip
Flex knee
MR flexed knee

Front 51

Spinalis

Thoracis O and I:
Cervicis O and I:

N:

Back 51

O: Sp. pr. of upper lumbar/lower TV (thoracis)
Lig. nuchae, spinous process of C7 (cervicis)

I: Sp. Pr. of upper thoracic (thoracis)
Sp. Pr. of cervicals, except C1 (cervicis)

Front 52

Longissimus

Thoracis O:
Cervicis and Capitis O:

Thoracis I:
Cervicis I:
Capitis I:

Back 52

O: Common tendon (thoracis)
Tr. pr. of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae (cervicis and capitis)

I: Lower 9 ribs and Tr. pr. of TV (thoracis)
Tr. Pr. of cervical vertebrae (cervicis)
Mastoid process of temporal bone (capitis)

Front 53

Iliocostalis

Lumborum O:
Thoracis and Cervicis O:

Lumborum I:
Thoracis I:
Cervicis I:

Back 53

O: Common tendon (lumborum)
Posterior surface of ribs 1-12 (thoracis and cervicis)

I: Tr. Pr. LV 1-3 and Posterior surface of ribs 1-12 (lumborum)
Posterior surface of ribs 1-6 (thoracis)
Tr. Pr. of lower cervicals (cervicis)

Front 54

Multifidi and rotatores

Multifidi O:
Rotatores O:

Unilaterally A:
Bilaterally A:

Back 54

Multifidi O:
Sacrum and Tr. pr. of LV and CV

Rotatores O: Tr. pr. of LV thru CV

I: Sp. pr. of LV thru 2nd CV
(multifidi span 2-4 vertebrae, rotatores span 1-2 vertebrae)

N: Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves

Hint 54

Unilaterally A: Rotate the VC to OS

Bilaterally: Extend VC

Front 55

Semispinalis Capitis

Back 55

O: Tr. Pr. of TV
Articular pr. lower CVs

I: Sp. pr. upper TV & CV, not C1
Superior nuchal line of occiput

N: Dorsal primary divisions of
spinal nerves

Hint 55

A: Extend VC and head

Front 56

Splenius Capitis and Cervicis

Back 56

Capitis O: Lig. nuchae, sp. pr. of C7-T3

Cervicis O: Sp. pr. of T3-T6

Capitis I: Lig. nuchae, sp. pr. of C7;-T3

Cervicis I: Tr. pr. of upper CV

N: Branches of dorsal division of cervical

Front 57

Suboccipitals

Back 57

All suboccipitals A:
Rock and tilt head back into Ext.

RCPM &Obl. Cap. Inf.
Rotate head to SS

Front 58

Rectus capitis Posterior Major

Back 58

O: Sp. pr. of Axis C2

I: Inferior nuchal line of occiput

N: Suboccipital

Front 59

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Back 59

O: Tubercle of posterior arch of Atlas
C1

I: Inferior nuchal line of occiput

N: Suboccipital

Front 60

Oblique Capitis Superior

Back 60

O: Tr. Pr. of Atlas C1

I: Between nuchal lines of occiput

N: Suboccipital

Front 61

Quadratus Lumborum

Back 61

O: Posterior iliac crest

I: Last rib and tr. pr. of 1st-4th LV

N: Branches of 1st lumbar and 12th thoracic

Hint 61

Unilaterallly A:
Laterally tilt the pelvis
Laterally tilt vertebral column to SS
Assist to extend teh vertebral column

Bilaterally A:
Fix the last rib during inhalation and forced exhalation

Front 62

Rectus Abdominis

Back 62

O: Pubic crest, pubic symphysis

I: Cartilage of 5th-7th ribs and xiphoid process

N: Branches of intercostals

Hint 62

A: Flex vertebral column

Front 63

External Oblique

Back 63

O: Lower 8 ribs

I: Anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

N: Branches of intercostals

Hint 63

Unilaterally A:
Laterally flex vertebral column
Rotate vertebral column to OS

Bilaterally A:
Flex the vertebral column
Compress abdominal contents

Front 64

Internal Oblique

Back 64

Unilaterally O:
Laterally flex vertebral column to SS
Rotate vertebral column to the SS

Bilaterally O:
Flex vertebral column
Compress abdominal contents

I: Internal surface of lower 3 ribs, abd. aponeurosis to linea alba

N: Branches of intercostals

Hint 64

A: Unilaterally
Laterally flex vertebral column to SS
Rotate VC to SS

Bilaterally A: Flex the VC
Compress abdominal contents

Front 65

Transverse Abdominus

Back 65

O: Lateral inguinal ligament,
Iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia
Internal surface of lower six ribs

I: Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

N: Branches of intercostals

Hint 65

A: Compress abdominal contents

Front 66

Diaphragm

Back 66

Costal attachment: Inner surface of lower 6 ribs

Lumbar attachment O: Upper 2 or 3 LV

Sternal attachment O: Inner part of xiphoid process

I: Central tendon

N: Phrenic

Hint 66

A: Draw down central tendon of diaphragm
Increase he volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation

Front 67

Intercostals

Back 67

O: Inferior border of the rib above

I: Superior border of the rib below

N: Intercostal

Hint 67

External Intercostals A:
Assist with inhalation by drawing ribs superiorly, increasing
space of thoracic cavity

Internal Intercostals A;
Assist with exhalation by drawing ribs inferiorly, decreasing
space of thoracic cavity

Front 68

Intertransversarii

Back 68

Cervical O and I: Spanning the tr. pr. of vertebrae of C2-C7

Lumbar O and I: Spanning the tr. pr. of vertebrae of L1-L5

N: Dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves

Hint 68

Unilaterally A: Laterally flex the VC to SS

Bilaterally A: Extend VC

Front 69

Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 69

O: Sp. pr. of C7-T3

I: Posterior surface of 2nd-5th ribs

N: Spinal nerves 1-4

Hint 69

A: Depress the ribs during exhalation

Front 70

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 70

O: Sp. pr. of T12-L3

I: Posterior surface of 9th-12th ribs

N: Spinal nerves 9-12

Hint 70

A: Depress ribs during exhalation

Front 71

Interspinalis

Back 71

Cervical O and I: Spanning the sp. pr. of C2-T3

Lumbar O and I: Spanning sp. pr. of T12-L5

N: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Hint 71

A: Extend VC

Front 72

SCM:

Back 72

Sternal O: Top of manubrium

Clavicular Head O: Medial 1/3 of clavicle

I: mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

N: Spinal accessory

Hint 72

Unilaterally A:
Laterally flex head and neck to SS
Rotate head and neck OS

Bilaterally A:
Flex neck
Assist in inhalation

Front 73

Anterior Scalenes

Back 73

O: Tr. Pr. of 2nd-7th CV, posterior tubercles

I: 1st rib

N: Cervical and brachial

Hint 73

Scalenes Actions:

Unilaterally:
With the ribs fixed, laterally flex head and neck SS
Rotate head and neck to OS

Bilaterally:
Elevate ribs during inhalation
Flex head and neck (anterior scalenes)

Front 74

Middle Scalenes

Back 74

O: Tr. Pr. of 2nd-7th CV, posterior tubercles

I: 1st rib

N: Cervical and brachial plexus

Front 75

Posterior Scalenes:

Back 75

O: Tr. Pr. of 5th-6th CV, posterior tubercle

I: 2nd rib

N: Brachial plexus

Front 76

Masseter

Back 76

O: Zygomatic arch

I: Angle and ramus of mandible

N Mandibular nerve via masseteric nerve

Hint 76

A: Elevate the mandible (TMJ)

Front 77

Temporalis

Back 77

O: Temporal fossa and fascia

I: Coronoid process of mandible

N: Deep temporal branch of mandibular nerve

Hint 77

A: Elevate mandible
Retract mandible

Front 78

Suprahyoid

Back 78

O: Geniohyoid, mylohyoid: Underside of mandible

I: Hyoid bone

N: Geniohyoid: Hypoglossal
Mylohyoid: Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid: Facial

Hint 78

A: Elevate hyoid and tongue
Depress mandible

Front 79

Digastric

Back 79

O: Mastoid process (deep to SCM and splenius capitis)

I: Inferior border of mandible

N: Mylohyoid and facial

Hint 79

A: With hyoid bone fixed, it depresses the mandible
With mandible fixed, it elevates the hyoid bone
Retracts mandible

Front 80

Infrahyoids

Back 80

O: Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid: Top of manubrium
Thyroid: Thyroid cartilage
Omohyoid: Superior border of scapula

I: Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, and Thyrohyoid: Hyoid bone
Sternothyroid: Thyroid cartilage

N: Upper Cervical

Hint 80

A: Depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

Front 81

Platysma

Back 81

O: Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major

I: Base of mandible, skin of lower part of face

N Facial

Hint 81

A: Assist in depressio mandible
Tighten the fascia of the neck

Front 82

Occipitofrontalis

Back 82

O: Both originate on Galea aponeurotica

Frontalis I: Over eyebrows
Occipitalis I: Inserts Superior Nuchal line of occiput

N: Facial

Hint 82

Frontalis A: Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

Occipitalis: Anchor and retract the galea posteriorly

Front 83

Medial Pterygoid

Back 83

O: Medial surface of lateral pyterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and
tuberosity of maxilla

I: Medial surface of ramus of mandible

N: Mandibular

Hint 83

Unilaterally A: Laterally deviate mandible to OS

Bilaterally A: Elevate mandible
Protract mandible

Front 84

Lateral Pterygoid

Back 84

Superior hd O: Infratemporal surface and crest of gr. wing of sphenoid

Inferior hd O: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid

I: Articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible

N: Mandibular

Hint 84

Unilaterally: Laterally deviate mandible to OS

Bilaterally A: Protract mandible

Front 85

Longus Capitis

Back 85

O: Tr. Pr. of C3-C6

I: Inferior surface of occiput

N: Ventral rami of C1-C4

Hint 85

Unilaterally A: Laterally flex head and neck to SS
Rotate the head and neck to SS

Bilaterally A: Flex head and neck

Front 86

Longus Colli

Back 86

O: Bodies of C5-T3
Tr. pr. of C3-C5

I: Tubercle on anterior arch of atlas
Bodies of the axis, C3, and C4
Tr. Pr. of C5 and C6

N: Ventral rami of C1-C7

Hint 86

A: Unilaterally:
Flex head and neck SS
Rotate head and neck SS

A: Bilaterally
Flex head and neck

Front 87

Rectus Femoris

Back 87

O: AIIS

I: Tibial tuberosity

N: Femoral

Hint 87

Extend knee
Flex hip

Front 88

Vastus Medialis

Back 88

O: Medial lip of linea aspera

I: Tibial tuberosity

N: Femoral

Hint 88

Extend knee

Front 89

Vastus Lateralis

Back 89

O: Lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity

I: Tibial tuberosity

N: Femoral

Hint 89

A: Extend knee

Front 90

Biceps Femoris

Back 90

Long Head O: Ischial tuberosity

Short Head O: Lateral lip of linea aspera

I: Head of fibula

N: Tibial and peroneal

Hint 90

A:
Flex knee
LR flexed knee
Extend hip
LR hip
Tilt the pelvis

Front 91

Semitendinosus

Back 91

O: Ishcial tuberosity

I: Proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon

N: Tibial

Hint 91

Flex knee
MR the flexed knee
Extend hip
MR hip
Tilt the pelvis posteriorly

Front 92

Semimembranosus

Back 92

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

N: Tibial

Hint 92

A: Flex knee
MR flexed knee
Extend hip
MR hip
Tilt pelvis posteriorly

Front 93

Gluteus Maximus

Back 93

O: Coccyx
Edge of sacrum
Posterior iliac crest
Sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments'

I: Gluteal tuberosity (upper fibers)
Iliotibial tract (lower fibers)

N: Inferior Gluteal

Hint 93

All Fibers A:
Extend hip
LR hip
Abduct

Lower Fibers:
Adduct hip

Front 94

Gluteus Medius

Back 94

O: Gluteal surface of ilium between iliac crest and posterior and
anterior gluteal lines

I: Greater Trochanter

N: Superior Gluteal

Hint 94

All Fibers A:
Abduct hip

Anterior Fibers A:
Flex hip
MR hip

Posterior Fibers A:
Extend hip
LR hip

Front 95

Gluteus Minimus

Back 95

O: Gluteal surface of ilium bt anterior and inferior gluteal lines

I: Anterior border of greater trochanter

N: Superior gluteal

Hint 95

A: Abduct hip
MR hhip
Flex hip

Front 96

Adductor Magnus

Back 96

O: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium and tibial tuberosity

I: Medial lip of line aspera and adductor tubercle

N: Obturator and tibial

Hint 96

A: Adduct hip
MR hip
Assist flexing hip
**Posterior fibers of Adductor Magnus: Extend the hip.

Front 97

Adductor Longus

Back 97

O: Pubic tubercle

I: Medial lip of linea spera

N: Obturator

Hint 97

A: Adduct hip
MR hip
Assit to flex hip

Front 98

Adductor Brevis

Back 98

O: Inferior ramus of pubis

I: Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera

N: Obturator

Hint 98

A: Adduct hip, MR hip, Assist to flex hip

Front 99

Pectineus

Back 99

O: Superior ramus of pubis

I: Pectineal line of femur

N: Femoral and obturator

Hint 99

A: Adduct hip, MR hip, Assist to flex hip

Front 100

Gracilis

Back 100

O: Inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium

I: Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon

N: Obturator

Hint 100

A: Adduct hip, MR hip

Front 101

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 101

O: Iliac crest, posterior to ASIS

I: Iliotibial tract

N: Superior gluteal

Hint 101

A: Flex hip
MR hip
Abduct hip

Front 102

Piriformis

Back 102

O: Anterior surface of sacrum

I: Gr. trochanter

N: Branch of sacral plexus

Hint 102

LR hip
Abduct hip when hip is flexd

Front 103

Gemellus Superior

Back 103

O: Ischial spine

I: Upper border of gr. trochanter

N: Branch of sacral plexus

Hint 103

A: LR hip

Front 104

Gemellus Inferior

Back 104

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Upper border of gr. trochanter

N: Branch of sacral plexus

Hint 104

LR hip

Front 105

Obturrator Externus

Back 105

O: Superior and inferior rami of pubis

I: Trochanteric fossa of femur

N: Obturator

Hint 105

A: LR hip

Front 106

Psoas Major

Back 106

O: Bodies and tr. pr. of LV

I: Lesser trochanter

N: Lumbar plexus

Hint 106

Flex hip
LR hip
Adduct hip

Front 107

Iliacus

Back 107

O: Iliac fossa

I: Lesser torchanter

N: Femoral

Hint 107

Flex hip
LR hip
Adduct hip

Front 108

Psoas Minor

Back 108

O: Body and tr. pr. of 1st LV

I: Superior ramus of pubis

N: Ventral rami of lumbar

Hint 108

Assist to create lordotic curvature in lumbar spine
Tilt pelvis posteriorly

Front 109

Gastrocnemius

Back 109

O: Condyles of femur posterior surfaces

I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

N: Tibial

Hint 109

Flex knee
Plantar flex the ankle

Front 110

Soleus

Back 110

O: Soleal line, posterior surface of tibia and proximal,posterior surface of fibula

I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

N: Tibial

Hint 110

Plantar flex ankle

Front 111

Plantaris

Back 111

O: Lateral condyle of femur

I: I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

N: Tibial

Hint 111

Weak plantar flexion of ankle
Weak flexion of knee

Front 112

Popliteus

Back 112

O: Lateral epicondyle of femur

I: Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia

N: Tibial

Hint 112

MR flexed knee
Flex knee

Front 113

Peroneus Longus

Back 113

O: Proximal 2/3 lateral fibula

I: Base of 1st MT and medial cuneiform

N: Superior peroneal

Hint 113

Evert foot
Assist to plantar flex ankle

Front 114

Peroneus Brevis

Back 114

O: Distal 2/3 of lateral fibula

I: Tuberosity of 5th MT

N: Superior peroneal

Hint 114

Evert foot
Assist to plantar flex ankle

Front 115

Tibialis Anterior

Back 115

O: Proximal lateral surface of tiboia and interosseous membrane

I: Medial cuneiform andbase of 1st MT

N: Deep peroneal

Hint 115

Invert foot
Dorsiflex ankle

Front 116

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Back 116

O: Proximal anterior shaft of fibula and IM

I: Middle andidstal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes

N: Deep peroneal

Hint 116

Extend the 2nd-5th toes
Dorsiflex ankele
Evert the foot

Front 117

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Back 117

O: Middle anteerior surface of fibual and IM

I: Distal lphalange of 1st toe

N: Deep peroneal

Hint 117

Extend 1st toe
DF ankle
Evert foot

Front 118

Tibialis Posterior

Back 118

O: Proximal posterior shaft of tibia, proximal fibula and IM

I: Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid and bases of 2nd-4thMT

N: Tibial

Hint 118

Invert foot
PF ankle

Front 119

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 119

O: Middle posterior surface of tibia

I: Distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes

N: Tibial

Hint 119

Flex 2nd-5th toes
Weak PF of ankle
Invert foot

Front 120

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back 120

O: Middle half of posterior fibula

I: Distal phalange of 1st toe

N: Tibial

Hint 120

Flex 1st toe
Weak PF of ankle
Invert foot

Front 121

Extensor Digitorus Brevis

Back 121

O: Calcaneus (dorsal surface)

I: 2nd-4th toes via the etensor digitorum longus tendons

N: Deep peroneal

Hint 121

Extend the 2nd-4th toes

Front 122

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Back 122

O: Calcaneus (plantar surface)

I: Middle phalanges of 2nd-5th toes

N: Deep peroneal

Hint 122

Flex middle phalanges of 2nd-5th toes

Front 123

Abductor Hallucis

Back 123

O: Calcaneus (plantar surface)

I: Proximal phalange of 1st toe and medial sesamoid bone

N: Medial plantar

Hint 123

Abduct 1st toe
Assist to flex 1st toe

Front 124

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 124

O: Calcaneus (plantar surface)

I: Proximal phalange of 5th toe

N: Lateral plantar

Hint 124

Flex 5th toe

Front 125

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Back 125

O: Calcaneus (dorsal surface)

I: Proximal phalange of 1st toe

N: Peroneal

Hint 125

Extend 1st toe

Front 126

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 126

O: Plantar surfaces of cuboid andlateral cuneiform

I: Medial and lateral sides of base of proximal phalange of 1st toe

N: Medial plantar

Hint 126

Flex 1st toe

Front 127

Adductor Hallucis

Back 127

Oblique head O: Bases of 2nd-4th MTs

Transvers ehad O: Plantar ligament of 3rd-5th MTP joints

I: Lateral surface base of proximal phalange of 1st toe and lateral
sesamoid bone

N: Lateral plantar

Hint 127

Adduct 1st toe
Assist to maintain transvverse arch of foot

Front 128

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Back 128

O: Base of 5th MTP

I: Base of proximal phalange of 5th toe

N: Lateral plantar

Hint 128

Flex 5th toe

Front 129

Quadratus Plantae

Back 129

O: Plantar surface of calcaneus

I: Posterior, lateral aspect of FDL tendon

N: Lateral plantar

Hint 129

Assist flexor digitorum longus to flex 2nd-5th toes

Front 130

Plantar Interossei

Back 130

O: Bases of 3rd-5th MTs

I: Medial surfaces of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th toes

N: Lateral plantar

Hint 130

Aduct 3rd-5th toes
Flex 3rd-5th toes

Front 131

Dorsal Interossei

Back 131

O: shafts of 1st-5th MTs

First I: Medial surface of proimal phalange of 2nd toe

2nd-4th I: Lateral surfaces of proximal phalange of 2nd-4th toes

N: Lateral plantar

Hint 131

Abduct 2nd-4th toes
Flex 2nd-4th toes

Front 132

Lumbricals of the foot

Back 132

O: Tendons of FDL

I: Bases of proximal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes at IP joints

N: Medial and lateral plantar

Hint 132

Flex proximal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes at MTP joints
Extend middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes at IP joints