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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bones of the shoulder complex |
Sternum, clavicle, scapula and humerus |
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Sternoclavicular joint joint mechanic classification |
triaxial
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Sternoclavicular joint
shape |
saddle
clavicle is convex in a superior/inferior direction and concave in a anterior/posterior direction |
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Sternoclavicular joint CPP and LPP
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CPP- full elevation
LPP- arm at the side |
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Elevation of SC joint |
Rotation in the frontal plane around an Anterior posterior axis The convex end of the clavicle rolls superior and glides inferior on the sternum Maximum elevation- 45° |
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Depression of SC joint |
rotation in the frontal plane around an anterior posterior axis The convex end of the clavicle rolls inferior and glides superior on the sternum Maximum depression 10° |
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Protraction of SC joint |
occurs ~parallel to the horizontal plane about a vertical axis the concave surface of the clavicle rolls and glides anterior on the sternum amount of motion: 15-30° |
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Retraction of the SC joint |
occurs ~ parallel to the horizontal plane about a vertical axis The concave surface of the clavicle rolls and glides posterior on the sternum amount of motion 15-30° |
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Rotation of the SC joint |
occurs around a longitudinal axis when the arm is elevated the superior clavicle rotates posteriorly due to tension on the coracoclavicular ligament rotates 20-35° |
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Anterior posterior sternoclavicular ligaments |
reinforces the capsule, limits anterior and posterior movement of clavicle |
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interclavicular ligaments |
Cross superior aspect of SC joint attach to medial ends of clavicle provide superior joint stability |
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Costoclavicular ligaments |
attach first rib to inferior surface of clavicle limit elevation of the clavicle on the first rib |
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Articular disc of SC joint |
fibrocartilage that divides the joint into medial and lateral cavities function: shock absorption, increases joint congruency, provides stability |
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Stabilizing muscles of the SC joint |
sternocleidomastoid, sternothyroid and sternohyoid |
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Acromioclavicular joint shape |
Plane synovial joint with three degrees of freedom, can be concave or convex |
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Acromioclavicular joint CPP and LPP |
CPP: 90 degrees abduction LPP: arm at the side |
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UPward rotation of AC joint |
• the accordion moves up and outward in relation to the clavicle • allows upward rotation of the scapula • up to 30° present with arm elevation |
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Downward rotation of the AC joint |
the accordion moves down and inward in relation to the clavicle in an anterior posterior axis. allows downward rotation of the scapula |
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Transverse plane movements of the AC joint |
Occurs around a vertical axis allows the medial border of the scapula to get closer or further away from the thorax |
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Sagittal plane movements of the AC join |
occurs around a medial-lateral axis allows the inferior angle of the scapula to tip away or toward the thorax anterior and posterior tilting |
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Arthrokinematics of AC joint |
unpredictable due to the variability in the shape of the articular surfaces Acromion is most often concave and therefore glides and rolls in the same direction |
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Superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments |
reinforce joint capsule |
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coracoclavicular ligaments |
• control vertical joint stability • limit upward rotation • limit medial displacement • create longitudinal rotation of clavicle • trapezoid- lateral portion • conoid- medial portion |
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Scapulothoracic joint |
not a true joint the scapula is typically positioned between the 2nd and 7th ribs and is ~6 cm from the spinous processes |
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Elevation of the ST joint |
Scapula is gliding superiorly prime movers: upper traps, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major |
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Depression of the ST joint |
scapula is gliding inferiorly prime movers: subclavius, pectoralis minor, pectorals major (lower fibers), lower traps, serrates anterior (lower fibers) and latissimus dorsi ( lower fibers) |
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Retraction at the ST joint |
scapula glides medially on the thorax prime movers: rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, middle fibers of the traps, latissimus dorsi (upper fibers) |
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Protraction at the ST joint |
scapula glides laterally on the thorax prime movers- pec minor, pec major and serrates anterior |
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Upward rotation at the ST joint |
interior angle moves away from the vertebral column prime movers: trapezius (upper and lower part), serrates anterior 60• of scapular rotation available at ST joint |
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Downward rotation at the ST joint |
inferior angle moves closer to the vertebral column prime movers: levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor, pectorals major (lower fibers), pectorals minor, latissimus dorsi |
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Function of the ST joint |
orients the gleaned fossa for optimal contact with the head of the humerus adds range to arm elevation provides a stable base for GH movements |
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Upper trapezius |
origin: occipital bone, cervical spinous processes via nuchal ligament insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion Actions at scapula: elevation, retraction, upward rotation |
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Middle Trapezius |
Origin: spinous processes T1-T5 Insertion: acromion and spine of scapula actions at scapula: retraction |
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Lower Trapezius |
Origin: spinous processes T6-T12 Insertion: root of the spine of the scapula Actions at scapula: depression, retraction, upward rotation of scapula |
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Levator Scapulae |
action: elevation, downward rotation |
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Rhomboids |
Action: elevation, retraction, downward rotation |
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Serratus anterior |
action: protraction, depression, upward rotation |
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Pectoralis Major |
Insertion: lateral lip of the inter tubercular groove Action: GH flexion (clav), GH extension (sterno), GH adduction, GH medial rotation, GH horiz adduction, scapular depression, scapular protraction |
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Pectoralis Minor |
Action: scapular depression, scapular protraction, scapular downward rotation |