Anatomy Section 3 Muscles

Front 1

Name the 4 types of muscle

Back 1

Skeletal, Intrafusal, Cardiac and Smooth

Front 2

Skeletal Muscle features

Back 2

1. polynuclei
2. ribbon shape/long
3. side to side FCT
4. resp. for contraction

Front 3

Intrafusal Muscle features

Back 3

1. short, single nuclei
2. sensory nerve receptors
3. resp. for degree of stretch

Front 4

Cardiac muscle

Back 4

1. rectangle shaped, single nuclei
2. interdig. membranes, intercalated discs
3. side by side FCT
4. contract HEART

Front 5

Smooth Muscle

Back 5

1. small spindle shaped
2. side by side FCT
3. contract blood vessels, resp. airways, G.I. Tract, internal organs

Front 6

fascia

Back 6

dense tissue surrounds GROUPS of skeletal muscles

Front 7

epimysium

Back 7

dense tissue surrounds individual skeletal muscles

Front 8

fascicles

Back 8

within an ind. skeletal muscles, organized into BUNDLES

Front 9

perimysium

Back 9

dense tissue connective tissue that surrounds the fasicles

Front 10

endomysium

Back 10

dense tissue surrounds individual skeletal muscle cells (intra. muscle cells are attached in parallel to groups of one or more skeletal muscle cells

Front 11

sarcolemma

Back 11

plasma membrane

Front 12

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 12

muscle cell's reticulum, connects with transverse tubules to provide action potentials/receive messages

Front 13

motor end plate

Back 13

specialized region where neuron signals are received

Front 14

sarcoplasm

Back 14

cell's cytoplasm

Front 15

myofibrils

Back 15

interior protein fibers composed of myofilaments (Actin and Myosin)

Front 16

transverse tubules

Back 16

invaginations of the sarcolemma

Front 17

sacromeres

Back 17

groups of proteins (Actin-Myosin-Myosin-Actin) form functional units for muscle shortening

Front 18

A band

Back 18

thick Myosin filaments visible

Front 19

I band

Back 19

thin Actin filaments visible

Front 20

M line

Back 20

the junction between Myosin and zones of overlap

Front 21

Z line

Back 21

junction between thin filaments (adjacent)Actin

Front 22

Zone of overlap

Back 22

region where thick & thin filaments (Myosin and Actin respectively) overlap

Front 23

neuromuscular junction components

Back 23

motor end plate & axon terminals

Front 24

sliding filament mechanism components

Back 24

(actin chain, myosin chain) sacromere, transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 25

Actin Chain Characteristics

Back 25

1. round actin molecules
2. active sites- binding sites
3. tropomyosin- protein chain parallels the actin chain and covers actin sites
4. troponin- protein binds to both actin and tropomyosin

Front 26

Myosin Chain Characteristics

Back 26

1. helical array of molecules
2. globular heads (cross bridges)- end of myosin molecule that projects away from the center
3. ADP and phosphate- bound to cross bridges (the cross bridge acts as an ATPase, breaks down ATP and stores energy)

Front 27

transverse tubules during sliding filament mechanism

Back 27

in connection with sarcoplemma, conducts action potential (voltage open and close of Na gates) from the sarcolemma toward the reticulum

Front 28

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 28

stores calcium by a way of calcium ion pump

Front 29

steps in generating action potential

Back 29

1. sarcolemma excitable membrane or electrical impulse
2. depolarization
3. neurotransmitter binds to receptors on motor end plate and opens the chemically gated channels

Front 30

conduction steps in action potentials

Back 30

1. action potential travels through way of transverse tubules to sar. reticulum
2. influx of Na ions leads to OPEN and CLOSE of voltage gates
3. the open and closing of the sodium channels along the membrane is the ACTION potential

Front 31

Calcium

Back 31

1. A.P. actives openings of Ca channels in sacrolemma, releasing stored Calcium
2. Ca binds to Troponin molecule, moving the complex and "exposing" active sites
3. globular head (cross bridges) pivots toward sacromere, ADP and phosphate is released
4. cross bridges detach w/myosin head binds another molecule
5. free myosin head breaks down the ATP, retaining the ADP and phosphate, stores the energy
6. myosin crosses the bridges bind to the active sites and the cycle repeats until calcium concentration returns to NORMAL

Front 32

origin

Back 32

end of muscle that anchors

Front 33

insertion

Back 33

end of the muscle that moves

Front 34

agonist

Back 34

part of the muscle that CAUSES a movement

Front 35

antagonist

Back 35

part of the muscle that causes the OPPOSITE movement

Front 36

scalp muscles of facial expression

Back 36

1. raise eyebrow
2. tense scalp

Front 37

eye muscles of facial expression

Back 37

1. close eyes

Front 38

mouth muscles of facial expression

Back 38

1. elevate/depress lips
2. protrude lips
3. depress angle
4. compress lips/cheeks
5. mouth to side/back up

Front 39

raise eyebrow, frontalis

Back 39

aponeurosis, eyebrow

Front 40

tense scalp, occipitalis

Back 40

occipital, aponeurosis

Front 41

close eyes, orbicularis oculi

Back 41

medial orbit, eyelids

Front 42

elevate lips, levator labii

Back 42

maxillae, orbicularis oris

Front 43

depress lips, depressor labii

Back 43

mandible, lower lip

Front 44

protrude lips, mentalis

Back 44

mandible, skin of chin

Front 45

depress angle, depressor anguli

Back 45

mandible, angle of lower lip

Front 46

compress lips, orbicularis oris

Back 46

maxillae mandible, lips

Front 47

compress cheeks, buccinator

Back 47

maxillae mandible, orbicularis oris

Front 48

mouth to side, risorius

Back 48

fasica parotid, angle of mouth

Front 49

mouth back up, zygomaticus

Back 49

zygomatic, angle of mouth

Front 50

elevate jaw (temporalis, masseter)

Back 50

temporal- coronoid mandible
zygomatic arch- lateral mandible

Front 51

move jaw to side (pterygoideus)

Back 51

pterygoid plate, medial mandible

Front 52

compress cheeks (buccinator)

Back 52

maxillae mandible, orbicularis oris

Front 53

depress tongue (genioglossus)

Back 53

(mandible, medial) body of tongue

Front 54

elevate tongue (styloglossus)

Back 54

(styloid process, sides of tongue)