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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How does the integumentary system provide cutaneous sensation?
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receptors in the skin perceive changes
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Where are sebaceous found?
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all over the body except the palms and soles of the feet
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Which cells produce keratin, which gives structure and protection?
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Keratinocytes
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What is the function of sebaceous glands?
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secrete sebum (oil)- secreted into hair follicle or to pore of skin
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What substances penetrate the integumentary system?
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- lipid solubles (O2, CO2, Vitamins A,D, E, K)
- plant oils, poison ivy - acetone, paint thinner - salts of heavy metals- lead, mercury |
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What is the over activity of oil glands in infants, causing "oily" flakes on the scalp?
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Seborrhea
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How does the integumentary system regulate temperature?
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- sweating
- dissapating heat |
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What is another name for sebaceous glands?
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oil glands
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Biologically, which cells provide protection (in the form of a barrier, directly)?
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langerhans cells
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Acidic secretions by the integumentary system does what?
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kills bacteria
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What is the function of melanin?
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UV protection
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What is the function of apocrine sweat glands?
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unknown
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Epidermis is replaced every __ - __ days.
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35 - 45
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Which modified sweat gland secretes earwax?
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ceruminous glands
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Why is the integumentary system a physical barrier?
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continuity/hardness of keratinized cells; most substances can't get thru
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Which modified sweat gland secretes milk?
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mammary glands
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The growth of keratinocytes is controlled by a hormone called what?
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epidermal growth factor
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What softens and lubricates skin and hair?
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sebaceous glands
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Which cell type produces melanin?
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Melanocyte
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What appendage of the skin slows water loss?
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sebaceous glands
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What is the most predominant cell type that makes up the epidermis?
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Keratinocytes
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What gland is bacteriocidal (kills bacteria)?
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sebaceous glands
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How does the integumentary system perform metabolic functions?
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makes vitamin d which helps with the absorption of calcium
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What is the inflammation of the sebaceous glands caused by bacterial infections resulting in the blockage of ducts?
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acne
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What are the two functions of the integumetory system?
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- barrier to the environment
- holds in water |
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What prevents the breakage of hair?
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sebaceous glands
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How does the integumentary system provide a blood resevoir?
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holds about 5% of entire blood volume
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What skin cancer usually occurs as lesions in areas frequently exposed to the sun?
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basal cell carcinoma
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major skin area where derivatives (hair, nails) reside
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dermis
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Which epidermal layer is the deepest?
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Stratum basale
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common result of inflammation, allergy and fever
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erythema
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Which type of cell is associated with sensory nerve endings?
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merkel cells
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vascular region
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dermis
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What is the most common type of skin cancer?
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basal cell carcinoma
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layer of translucent cells, absent in thin skin
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s. lucidum
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Which degree burn is when there is epidermal damage- sunburn?
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1st
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stratum germinativum
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s. basale
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Which epidermal layer has cells that contain thick bundles of tension filaments made of prekaratin?
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Stratum spinosum
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strata with mostly dead cells
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corneum, lucidum
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Which pigment provides a natural sunscreen?
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melanin
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general site for melanin formation
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epidermis
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What type of skin cancer is the most dangerous but only accounts for 5%?
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malignant melanoma
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Less numerous variety of perspiration glands?
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apocrine
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Which type of cell has branched parts that touch all keratinocytes in the basal layer?
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Melanocytes
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mostly adipose tissue that anchors the skin to underlying tissues
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hypodermis
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A blush cast of the skin results from inadaquate oxygenation of the blood
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cyanosis
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Functionally these are merocrine glands
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sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine)
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Which degree burn is when there is thickness of the skin damaged?
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3rd degree
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epidermal layer where most melanocytes reside
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basale
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Which type of cell arises from bone marrow?
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Langerhans cells
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Glands that become more active at puberty under the influence of androgens
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sebaceous glands, apocrine glands
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What leads to renal shutdown and circulatory shock?
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burns
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accounts for the bulk of the epidermis
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corneum
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Which degree burn is when the epidermis is damaged- like blistering?
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2nd degree
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which gland has a product that is an oily mixture of lipids, cholesterol and cell fragments?
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sebaceous
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Which pigment is mostly found in the stratum corneum?
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carotene
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What kind of barrier is the langerhans cells/macrophages?
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biological
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clotted mass of blood that may signify bleeder's disease
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hematoma
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Ducts are open to the external environment- pore?
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sweat glands
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Which cell type is found in the deepest layer of pigment?
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Melanocyte
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What kind of barrier is the intact epidermis?
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mechanical (phys)
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Which type of cell is for touch perception (stimulates the neuron since it isn't in the epidermis)?
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merkel cells
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What is the dermal layer that is made up of dense irregular tissue?
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reticular layer
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In melanocytes, nearby keratinocytes ingest what?
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pigments
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Where are eccrine sweat glands found?
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palms, soles of feet, forehead
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What causes catastrophic body fluid loss?
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burns
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What is the dermal layer that is thin, superficial connective tissue?
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papillary layer
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How does the integumentary system provide a source for excretion?
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small amount of metabolic waste is secreted in sweat
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What is the function of nails?
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tool-like stuff..
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In melanocytes, melanin is transported where?
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to the ends of branches and are shed
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What is the dermal layer that is just under the epidermis?
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Papillary layer
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Which pigment is phagocytized by keratinocytes?
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melanin
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What [hair] structure is associated with a bundle of smooth muscle?
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arrector pili
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Which cell type is spider-shaped?
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Melanocyte
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What is the dermal layer that is a nutrient source (many blood vessels)?
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papillary layer
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Which type of cell migrates and plants themselves somewhere in the epidermal layer?
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Langerhans cells
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What [hair] structure is embedded in the skin?
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root
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Where do melanin granules accumulate?
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On the "sunny side" of the keratinocytes
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Is the epidermis or dermis that houses nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, hair follicles, and oil/sweat glands?
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dermis
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What type of skin cancer starts in the stratum spinosum?
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squamous cell carncinoma
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Hair is made up of what kind of cells?
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keratinized
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Which type of cells are macrophages?
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Langerhans cells
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What is the dermal layer that has many collogen fibers for strength and resilience?
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reticular layer
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What type of skin cancer starts in the stratum basale?
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basal cell carcinoma
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What [hair] structure projects from the skin?
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shaft
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What type of skin cancer is found on the scalp, ears, top of hand, lower lip?
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squamous cell carcinoma
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What are the projections into overlying epidermis that has capillaries and nerve endings?
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Dermal papillae (produce finger print)
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Which type of cell is found at the epidermal-dermal junction?
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merkel cells
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What happens when blood is poorly oxygenated, causing a deeper color of red which shows thru the skin as blue?
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cyanosis
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What type of skin cancer is the cancer of melanocytes?
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malignant melanoma
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What is the dermal layer that maintains the hydration of the skin?
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reticular layer
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accumulation of bile pigments in the blood may indicate liver disease
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jaundice
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What is the purpose of nose hair?
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filters particles from the air
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Which epidermal layer is made up of a single row of cells undergoing rapid cell division?
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Stratum basale
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Is the epidermis or dermis made up of dense irregular tissue?
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dermis
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observation of this condition might lead to tests for anemia, low blood pressure
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pallor
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Which pigment is caused by RBCs circulating thru the dermal capillaries?
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hemoglobin
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Which epidermal layer is the bulk of the epidermis, made up of several cell layers?
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Stratum spinosum
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Which pigment is responsible for the yellow to orange tone of the skin?
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carotene
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What causes odor in the apocrine sweat glands?
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breakdown of molecules by bacteria
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Is the epidermis or dermis the same as "hide"?
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dermis
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Where are apocrince sweat glands found?
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armpits, genital areas
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Which pigment is responsible for the yellow to reddish brown to black color of the skin?
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melanin
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What [hair] structure extends from the epidermal surface into the dermis?
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follicle
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What is the dermal layer that is 80% of the dermis?
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reticular layer
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What is the function of eccrine sweat glands?
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thermoregulation
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Which pigment is responsible for the racial differences (the varying amount)?
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melanin
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In dark skinned people, this is seen in nail beds and mucous membranes.
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Cyanosis
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Which pigment tends to accumulate in the stratum corneum?
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carotene
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Which pigment is seen mostly in fair-skinned people?
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hemoglobin
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Which pigment is responsible for freckles?
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melanin
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What is the purpose of eyelashes?
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shield eyes
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What is the dermal layer that has elastic fibers that provides stretch and recoil?
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reticular layer
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What integumetory organ corresponds to animal hooves or claws?
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nails
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Which pigment is most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet?
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carotene
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What are the scale-like modifications of the epidermis?
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nails
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Which pigment is responsible for the pinkish color of the skin?
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hemoglobin
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sudoriferous glands are also called what?
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sweat glands
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Which epidermal layer is for protection and water-proofing?
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Stratum corneum
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Why do we have hair on our heads? (3)
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protection from trauma, heat loss and sunlight
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Burn: nerve endings destroyed?
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3rd degree
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Which glands are coiled, tubular?
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eccrine sweat glands
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Which epidermal layer possess lamelled granuoles which contains lipids for water-proofing?
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sratum granulosoum
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Is sweat hypotonic or hypertonic?
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hypotonic
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Which epidermal layer has parallel tonofilaments and keratinohyaline granules?
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stratum lucidum
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Is sweat hypotonic or hypertonic?
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hypotonic
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Which epidermal layer is 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes?
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stratum granulosum
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What [hair] structure is associated with nerve endings?
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bulb
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Which epidermal layer is for water-proofing?
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Stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum
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Nails contain hardened - .
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keratin
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Burn- skin is blanched
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3rd degree
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What is the function of eccrine sweat glands?
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thermoregulation
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Which epidermal layer is the outermost layer, 20-30 cell layers thick?
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stratum corneum
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Which epidermal layer is present only in thick skin?
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stratum lucidum
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What kind of barrier is the acid mantle?
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chemical
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Which epidermal layer has a thickened cell membrane?
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stratum granulosum
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What kind of barrier is keratin?
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mechanical (phys)
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What kind of barrier is melanin?
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Chemical
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What kind of barrier is the bacterial secretions?
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chemical
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Which epidermal layer is made up of a few rows of flattened keratinocytes?
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stratum lucidum
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Which epidermal layer is dead and shingle-like?
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stratum corneum
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