Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is one way muscles are classified? |
fiber patterns |
|
|
List the 5 types of fiber patterns |
1. Circular, arranged in a circle around an opening, acts to close the opening. 2. Convergent, converge at a single tendon. Ex. Pectoralis major/minor -triangular. 3. Parallel, fibers lie parallel to one another and to the long axis of the muscle. 4. Pennate, fibers originate from a tendon that runs the length of the entire muscle. More fibers=more strength. 3 different pennate patterns: - unipennate: fibers are only on one side of the tendon (half feather) - bipennate: fibers are on both sides of the tendon. (Whole feather) - multipennate: fibers are arranged at many places around the central tendon, spread out at angles to many smaller tendons. (Branch of feathers) 5. Fusiform: fibers lie parallel to the long axis of the muscle, bulge/belly of the muscle is larger in diameter that the ends. Ex. Biceps brachii |
|
|
Describe how muscles and bones act as levers |
Musculoskeletal levers, muscle and their bones perform together through levers. Joints function as fulcrums, bones function as levers, muscles provide the force. |
|
|
What are the 3 parts of a lever? |
Fulcrum: hinge, is the pivoting/turning point. 2 forces: f1 and f2. The greatest/largest force is the one closest to the fulcrum. |
|
|
Describe the 3 classes of levers |
Rule: who's in the middle, defines what class it is.
Class I: fulcrum in the middle (can be weak or strong) body has the least of Class II: (fw) force of the weight in the middle (always strong) ex. foot pushing weight of body up. Works at mechanical advantage- takes little force. Body has very few Class III: (fm) force of the muscle in middle. Works at mechanical disadvantage-takes alot of force. Body has the most of |
|
|
Give examples of muscles according to their fiber pattern |
1. Circular: orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculli 2. Convergent: pectorlais major/minor 3. Parallel: trapezius, rhomboideus, rectus abdominus 4. Pennate: - unipennate: palmar interosseus, semimemmbranosus - bipennate: rectus femoris - mulipennate: deltoid 5. Fusiform: biceps brachii, triceps brachii |
|
|
Give examples of each class of lever |
Class I: human elbow, vs ardvark elbow Class II: foot pushing up weight of body Class III: arm |
|
|
What's the difference between a convergent and multipennate muscle fiber pattern? (Because the book shows the same picture for both) |
Convergent converge at a single tendon. Multipennate arranged at many places around central tendon and spread out at angles to many smaller tendons. |
