Anatomy & Physiology

Front 1

Pertaining to the wall of
the cavity

Back 1

Parietal

Ex: The parietal pleura lines
the chest cavity

Front 2

Further from the point of
origin.

Back 2

Distal

Ex: The palm is distal to the
elbow.

Front 3

- Within or interior to
- Towards inside

Back 3

Internal

Ex: The brain is internal to
the skull

Front 4

- Outside or exterior to
- Towards outside

Back 4

External

Ex: The ribs are external to
the lung

Front 5

closer to the point of
orgin.

Back 5

Proximal

Ex: The knee is proximal to
the foot.

Front 6

Extending from the main
part.

Back 6

Peripheral

Ex: Nerves in the arm are
part of the peripheral
nervous system.

Front 7

the main part

Back 7

Central

Ex: The brain is part of the
central nervouc system

Front 8

- Within or internal to

Back 8

Deep

Ex: The deep veins of the
legs are surrounded by
muscles.

Front 9

- toward the surface

Back 9

Superficial

Ex: The skin is the most
superficial organ.

Front 10

- Toward the midline
- Toward side

Back 10

Lateral

Ex: The shoulders are lateral
to the neck.

Front 11

- Toward the back

Back 11

Dorsal

Ex: The buttocks are on the
dorsal side of the body.

Front 12

- Toward the front

Back 12

Ventral

Ex: The mammary area is on the ventral side of the body.

Front 13

- Toward the back

Back 13

Posterior

Ex: The lumbar area is
posterior of the
umbilical area.

Front 14

- Toward the front

Back 14

Anterior

Ex: The chest is on the
anterior side of the body.

Front 15

- below or lower

Back 15

Inferior

Ex: The liver is inferior to
the lungs.

Front 16

- above or higher

Back 16

Superior

Ex: The heart is superior to
the liver.

Front 17

Organ is often cut in a specific way so to make particular structures easily visible.

Back 17

Sectioned

Front 18

A imaginary flat surface that separtes two portions of the body or an organ.

Back 18

Plane

Front 19

A plane for side to side separtes the body into front & back portions.

Back 19

Frontal Section

Front 20

A plane from front to back separates the body into right & left portions.

Back 20

Sagittal Section

Front 21

Section creates equal right & left halves.

Back 21

Midsagittal

Front 22

A horizontal plane separates the body into upper & lower portions.

Back 22

Transverse

Front 23

A plane perpendicular to the long axis of an organ.

Back 23

Cross Section

Front 24

A plane along the long axis of an organ.

Back 24

Longitudinal

Front 25

A transverse plane & a midsaggital plane that cross at the umbilious will divide the abdomen into four.

Back 25

Quadrants

Front 26

Two transverse planes & two sagittal planes divides the abdomen.

Back 26

Nine Areas

Front 27

Above the level of the rib carilages are the left hypochondriac, epigastric & right hypochondriac.

Back 27

Upper Area

Front 28

The left lumbar, umbilical & right lumbar.

Back 28

Middle Areas

Front 29

Below the level of the top of the pelvic bone are the left iliac, hypogastric and right iliac

Back 29

Lower Areas

Ex: hip; under stomach

Front 30

The study of body structure which size, shape, composition & perhaps even coloration.

Back 30

Anatomy

Front 31

Is the study of how the body functions.

Back 31

Physiology

Front 32

Is the study of disorders of functioning and a knowledge of normal physiology makes such disorders easier to understood.

Back 32

Pathophysiology

Front 33

The human bosy is organized in structural & functional levels of increasing caomplexity.

Back 33

Levels of Organization

Front 34

chemical is that make up the body.

Back 34

Inorganic & Organic

Front 35

Are simple molecules that are made of one or two elements other than carbon. (Do not contain carbon.

Ex: Water(H20); Oxygen(O2); minerals such as iron(Fe); Calcium(Ca), Sodium(Na)

Back 35

Inorganic Chemical

Front 36

Are often very complex & always contain the element carbon & hydrogen.

Ex: Carbohydrates, fat, proteins, & Nucleic Acid.

Back 36

Organic Chemical

Front 37

The smallest living units of structure & function

Back 37

Cells

Front 38

group of cells with similar structure & function.

Back 38

Tissue

Front 39

covers or line body surfaces; some are capable of producing secretions with specific functions.

Ex: outer layer of the skin & sweat glands

Back 39

Epithelial Tissue

Front 40

connect & support parts of the body; some transport or store materials.

Ex: blood, bone, cartilage, & adipose tissue

Back 40

Connective Tissue

Front 41

specialized for contraction, which brings about movement

Ex: Skeletal & Heart

Back 41

Muscule Tissue

Front 42

Generate & transmit electrochemical implulses that regulate body functions

Ex: Brain & optic nerves

Back 42

Nerve Tissue

Front 43

- Is a barrier to pathogens &
chemicals.
- Prevents excessive water
loss.

Ex: Skin, hair, subcutaneous
tissue

Back 43

Integumentary

Front 44

- Supports the body
- Protects internal organs
- Provides a framework to be moved by muscle

Ex: bones, ligament (connects
bones)

Back 44

Skeletal

Front 45

- moves the skeleton
- produces heat

Ex: muscles, tendon (connect
muslce to bone)

Back 45

Muscular

Front 46

- Interprets sensory
information
- Regulates body functions
such as movement by means
of electrochemical impulse.

Ex: brain, nerves, eyes, ears

Back 46

Nervous

Front 47

- Regulates body functions by
means of hormones.
- Growth & reproduction

Ex: Thyroid gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, heart, blood, and arteries.

Back 47

Endocrine

Front 48

-Transports oxygen & nutrients to tissues & removes waste products

Ex: heart, blood, arteries

Back 48

Circulatory

Front 49

-Return tissue fluid to the
body
-Destorys pathogen that enter
the body.

Ex: Spleen, lymph Nodes

Back 49

Lymphatic

Front 50

-Exchanges oxygen & carbon dioxide between the air & blood.

Ex: Lungs, trachea, larynx,
diaphragm

Back 50

Respiratory

Front 51

-changes food to simple
chemicals that can be absorbed and used by the body.

Ex: Stomach, colon, liver, pancreas (digestive enzymes)

Back 51

Digestive

Front 52

-Removes waste products from
the blood
-Regulates volume & pH of
blood

Ex: Kidney, urinary bladder,
urethra.

Back 52

Urinary

Front 53

-produces eggs or sperm
-In women, provides a site
for the developing embryo
fetus

Ex: Female-ovaries, uterus,
fallopian tubes
Male-testes, prostate
gland

Back 53

Reproductive

Front 54

-building metabolism

Back 54

Anabolism

Front 55

-Breaking Down

Back 55

Catabolism

Front 56

-Reflects the ability of the body to maintain relative stability & to function normally despite constant changes.

Ex: Changes may be external or internal & the body must respond appropriately

Back 56

Homeostasis

Front 57

-the body's response reverses the stimulus effect, turning it off for a while & keeps some aspect of the body within normal range.

Back 57

Negative Feedback

Front 58

-mechanism requires an external "brake" something to interrupt it.

Back 58

Positive Feedback

Front 59

armpit

Back 59

Axillary

Front 60

upper arm

Back 60

Brachial

Front 61

mouth

Back 61

Buccal(oral)

Front 62

heart

Back 62

Cardiac

Front 63

neck

Back 63

Cervical

Front 64

Head

Back 64

Cranial

Front 65

skin

Back 65

Cutaneous

Front 66

Shoulder

Back 66

Deltoid

Front 67

Thigh

Back 67

Femoral

Front 68

forehead

Back 68

Frontal

Front 69

stomach

Back 69

Gastric

Front 70

buttock

Back 70

Gluteal

Front 71

liver

Back 71

Hepatic

Front 72

hip

Back 72

IIiac

Front 73

groin

Back 73

Inguinal

Front 74

small of back

Back 74

Lumbar

Front 75

breast

Back 75

Mammary

Front 76

nose

Back 76

Nasal

Front 77

back of head

Back 77

Occipital

Front 78

eye

Back 78

Orbital

Front 79

crown of head

Back 79

Parietal

Front 80

Knee Cap

Back 80

Patellar

Front 81

chest

Back 81

Pectoral

Front 82

pelvic floor

Back 82

Perineal

Front 83

sole of foot

Back 83

Plantar

Front 84

back of knee

Back 84

Popliteal

Front 85

lungs

Back 85

Pulmonary

Front 86

Kidney

Back 86

Renal

Front 87

base of spine

Back 87

Sacral

Front 88

Side of head

Back 88

Temporal

Front 89

navel

Back 89

Umbilical

Front 90

palm

Back 90

Volar
(palmar)

Front 91

-Standing upright facing forward, arms at the side with palms forward & the feet slightly apart.

Back 91

Anatomic Position

Front 92

The two major cavity of the body

Back 92

Dorsal Cavity
(posterior)

Ventral Cavity
(anterior)

Front 93

-cavity contains the central nervous system & consist of the cranial cavity & the vertebral or spinal cavity.

Back 93

Dorsal Cavity

Front 94

- Cavity consist of two compartments, the thoracic cavity & the abdominal cavity, which are separtated by the diaphragm.

Back 94

Ventral Cavity

Front 95

-A large, dome-shaped respiratoy muscle.

Back 95

Diaphragm

Front 96

-cavity may be considered a subdivision of the abdominalcavity; there is no wall between them or as a separate cavity.

Back 96

Pelvic Cavity

Front 97

-Organs include the heart &
lung

-membrane (serous)

Back 97

Thoracic Cavity

Front 98

-The membrane of the thoracic cavity are serous membranes.

Back 98

Pleural Membranes

Front 99

-Lines the chest walls

Back 99

Parietal Pleura

Front 100

- Covers the lungs

Back 100

Visceral Pleura

Front 101

- lines the heart

Back 101

Pericardial Membranes

Front 102

-organs includes the liver, stomach & intestines.

Back 102

Abdominal Cavity

Front 103

-membranes of the abdominal
cavity

Back 103

Peritoneum
(Mesentery)

Front 104

-Membrane that folds around &
covers the outer surface of
the abdominal organs

Back 104

Mesentery

Front 105

-Organs in this cavity are
the urinary bladder & a
reproductive organs.

Back 105

Pelvic Cavity

Front 106

pertaining to the organs within a cavity

Back 106

Visceral
(lines organs in cavity)

Ex: The visceral pleura
covers the lungs.

Front 107

toward the midline

Back 107

Medial

Ex: The heart is medial to
the lungs