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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another.
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Physiology
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the study of how the body and its parts work or function
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7 Levels Of Structural Complexity
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Atoms, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms
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Integumentary System
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external covering of the body; skin.
cushions protects excretes salts in perspiration regulate temperature, pressure, pain receptors |
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Skeletal System
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bones, carilages, ligaments, joints
framework of skeletal muscles support calcium storage used to cause movement blood cells formed within bones |
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Muscular System
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skeletal muscles
provide movement through contraction move fluid (hollow) |
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Nervous System
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fast acting control system
brain spinal cord nerves sensory receptors |
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Endocrine System
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controls body activities
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pneal, ovaries, tests secrete hormones responsible for growth, reproduction, food use |
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Circulatory System
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transport and delivery system containing two major organ systems:
1. Cardiovascular - heart and blood vessels...carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances 2. Lymphatic - lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, other lymphatic organs such as spleen, tonsils..return fluid leaked from blood back to blood vessels. cleanses blood |
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Respiratory System
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Keeps body supplied with oxygen, responsible for removal of C02
nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
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Digestive System
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system responsible for the breakdown of food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible food stuffs are elminated as feces
oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, sm lg intestines, rectum, anus |
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Urinary System
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Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood
kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra |
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Reproductive System
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System responsible for the production of offspring
seminal vesciles, prostate gland, vas deferenes, testis, scortum, penis mammary glands, uterine tube, ovaries, uterus, vagina |
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Necessary Life Functions
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1. Maintaining Boundaries (integ, cell wall)
2. Movement (skel/musc) 3. Responsiveness (nerv) 4. Digestion (cardio/digest) 5. Metabolism (digest/resp) 6. Excretion (urinary, lymph, digest) 7. Reproduction (sexual) 8. Growth (endocrine) |
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Survival Needs
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Things required for an organism to live
Nutrients Oxygen Water Body Temperature Air Pressure |
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Homeostasis
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descirbes the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing
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Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
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Receptor (afferent pathway) Control Center (efferent) Effector...
Negative Feedback Mech Positiev Feedback Mech |
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Negative Feedback Mechanism
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causes a response that returns the variable condition back to baseline function
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Positive Feedback Mechanism
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Illicits a response that continues until the variable condition ceases.
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Feedback Mechanisms
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Processes that help maintain internal environments
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Directional Terms
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Terms used by medical personnel to explain exactly which part of the body structure they are referring to in reference to other body parts
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Superior
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toward the head, above
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inferior
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away from head end or toward lower part of body, below
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anterior
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toward front of body
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posterior (dorsal)
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Toward backside of body
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Medial
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Toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of
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Lateral
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Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
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intermediate
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between a more medial and a more lateral structure (collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder)
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Proximal
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Close to the origin of the bdoy part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
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Distal
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Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
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superficial
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more toward the skin
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deep
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away from body surface
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Abdominal
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Abdominal
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Antecubital
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Antecubital
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Axillary
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armpit
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brachial
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arm
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buccal
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cheek area
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cervical
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neck area
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digital
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fingers, toes
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femoral
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thigh
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inguinal
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area where thigh meets body trunk
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oral
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mouth
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orbital
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eye
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patellar
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aneterior knee
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pubic
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genital region
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thoracic
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chest
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umbilical
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navel
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Deltoid
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shoulder blade
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gluteal
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buttock
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lumbar
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area of back between ribs and hips
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occipital
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posterior surface of back of the head
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popliteal
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posterior knee area
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scapular
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shoulder blade region
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sural
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posterior surface of lower leg; calf
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Median (midsaggital) plane
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Center line, head to between feet
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Frontal (coronal) plane
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Left to right cut, lengthwise down ribs
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Transverse plane
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cutting body in two
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Dorsal (posterior) Cavity
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cranial cavity and spinal cavity
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Ventral (anterior) cavity
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thoracic (chest) cavity, abdomiopelvic cavity
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Right upper quadrant
Left upper Right lower left lower |
same
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Right hypochondriac region
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right side, ribs
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epigastric region
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middle top, b/w ribs
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Left hypochondriac region
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left top, ribs
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right lumbar
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right side, middle
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left lumbar region
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left side, middle
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umbilical region
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middle
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Right iliac region
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Right hip
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Hypogastric Region
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between hips, pubic cavity is deep
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left iliac region
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left hip
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