Anatomy Of The Female Genital Tract

Front 1

The female reproductive system is made up of

Back 1

The female genital tract is made up of :

A.

i. the external genitalia (vulva)

ii. Internal reproductive organs(vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries)

OR

B.

i. Lower(Vulva & vagina)

II.Upper(cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries)

Front 2

Components of the vulva

Back 2

Components:

1. Mons pubis

2. Clitoris

3. Urethral orifice

4. Labia majora and minora

5. Vestibule

*Vaginal orifice or introitus

*Hymen

*Greater vestibular gland

Blood supply is from the internal pudendal artery

Nerve- ilioinguinal and genital branch of genitofemoral.

Front 3

Another name for the bartholin' gland is?

Back 3

Greater vestibular gland

Front 4

Bartholin' is homologue to what in male

Back 4

Homologue of the Cowper’s (bulbourethral) gland in the male.

Front 5

Bartholin' gland is a.... Organ, located? Shape? Size?

Back 5

Paired gland each located posterior to the bulb of the vestibule.

Oval in shape and the size of a pea.

Front 6

Describe the duct of the bartholin' gland

1. Size?

2. Opening

3. Position

Back 6

Duct is about 2cm and opens at the introitus below the hymen but above the fourchette.

Front 7

Bartholin gland is lined by? Secretes?

Function?

Back 7

1. The gland is lined with columnar or cuboidal epithelium.

2. Secretes mucoid substance for lubrication.

Bartholin’s cyst(obstruction without infection). Bartholin’s abscess (if there is infection).

Front 8

Bartholin’s cyst Vs Bartholin’s abscess

Back 8

Bartholin’s cyst - obstruction without infection

Bartholin’s abscess (if there is infection).

Front 9

What is the Mons pubis

Back 9

It is a fibro-fatty pad, covered by hair bearing skin that covers the bony pubic ramus

Front 10

Glands in the labia majora

Back 10

1. Sebaceous glands

2. Sweat glands

3. And a few specialized apocrine glands

Front 11

Labium minora , anteriorly Vs posteriorly

Back 11

Anteriorly, they decide in 2 to form the prepuce and frenulum of the clitoris ( clitoral hood)

Posteriorly, They decide to form a fold of skin called fourchette at the back of the vagina introitus

Front 12

Which of the labrium is engorged during sexual arousal

Back 12

Both the labia minora and labia majora

Front 13

What is the clitoris? Measures?

Back 13

It is an erectile structure , measures approximately 0.5 - 3.5 cm in length.

Front 14

What makes of the body of the clitoris

Back 14

Paired column of erectile tissue and vascular tissue called corpora cavernoma...

These become the courage at the bottom of the clitoris and run deeper and laterally

Front 15

Vestibule is? Contains?

Back 15

Is the cleft between the labia minora.

It contains opening of the

1. Vagina ( opening or introitus) ,

2. urethra,

3. bartholin gland

Hymen

Front 16

Remaining tags of hymen ( after rupture during sex) is called

Back 16

Carunculae myrtiformes

Front 17

Vagina anatomy - definition, measurement , relation ? Shape? Epithelium?

Back 17

1. A fibromuscular canal extending from the vestibule to the uterus.

2. About 7cm anteriorly and 9cm posteriorly.

3. Anteriorly related to the urethra and the bladder.

Posteriorly related to the rectum.

4. H-shaped and has transverse ridges called rugae.

5. Stratified squamous epithelium

Cervix dips into it superiorly to form the fornices.

Front 18

Cervix and vagina

Back 18

Cervix dips into the vagina superiorly to form the fornices.

Front 19

Epithelium of the vagina

Back 19

Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 20

Blood supply to

1. Vulva

2. Vagina

3. Uterus

4. Ovaries

Back 20

1. Vulva -

Blood supply is from the internal pudendal artery.

Nerve- ilioinguinal and genital branch of genitofemoral.

2. Vagina -

Blood supply-

vaginal artery,

branches of the uterine,

branches of the internal pudendal, middle and inferior rectal arteries.

Lymphatics to inguinal nodes, internal iliac, obturator and sacral nodes.

3. Uterus

1. Blood supply from uterine and ovarian arteries.

2. Venous drainage to pampiniform plexus in the broad ligament, uterine vein, ovarian vein, vaginal plexus and vertebral plexus.

3. Lymphatics: paracervical plexus, external and internal iliac nodes, obturator and sacral nodes.

Ovaries

. Blood supply from the ovarian and the uterine arteries2. Venous drainage by the pampiniform plexus, ovarian and uterine veins.3. Lymphatics by aortic nodes, external iliac nodes.

Front 21

What is the rugae of the vagina

Back 21

These are transverse ridges in the vagina

Front 22

The vagina walls are usually in ? Except?

Back 22

Apposition

Except at the vault where they are separated by the cervix

Front 23

The vault of the vagina is divided into how many fornices?

Back 23

4 fornices - posterior, anterior , and 2 lateral

Front 24

Mid vagina Vs lower vagina

Back 24

Mid vagina is a transverse slit

while

the lower vagina is an H-shape in transverse section

Front 25

Does the vagina has glands?

Back 25

No.

The vagina has NO glands and is kept moist by secretions from the uterine and cervical glands

And by transudation from its epithelial lining

Front 26

Epithelium is?

Back 26

Thick and rich in glygogen , which increases in the postovulatory phase of the cycle

Front 27

When is the vagina devoid of glycogen and why

Back 27

Before puberty

And

After menopause

Because of the lack of estrogen

Front 28

The bacteria that has protective role

Back 28

Doderlein's bacillus, a normal Commensal of the vaginal flora, breaks down glycogen to form lactic acid, producing a pH of 4.5

Front 29

Measurements of the uterus

Back 29

Pear- shaped and measures

1. 9cm in length,

2. 6cm transversely,

3. 4cm in AP.

4. Wall is 1-2 cm thick.

Front 30

Uterus anatomy

1. Shape, measurements

2. Position

3. Cavity shape

4. Wall?

5. Relations

Back 30

1. Pear- shaped and measures 9cm in length, 6cm transversely, 4cm in AP. Wall is 1-2 cm thick.

2. Anteverted and anteflexed.

3. Cavity is triangular in shape.

4. Wall is 1-2 cm thick.

Wall has serosa, myometrium and the endometrium.

5. Anteriorly related to the bladder and posteriorly to the coils of the intestine.

Front 31

Parts of the uterus

Back 31

Has the

1. fundus,

2. body,

3. isthmus and

4. the cervix.

Cervix is different in structure and function.

Front 32

Isthmus lies? Forms ?

Back 32

Isthmus lies between the histological os and the Anatomical os.

Isthmus forms the lower uterine segment.

Front 33

How many internal os ?

Back 33

Internal os:Anatomical internal os and histological internal os.

Isthmus lies between the histological os and the Anatomical os.

The site of the Histologic os is where the mucus membrane of the isthmus becomes that of the cervix

Front 34

Ligaments of the uterus

Back 34

1. Round ligament,

2. ovarian ligament,

3. broad ligament.

Hint 34

ROB

Front 35

About cervix

1. Shape & length

2. Cervix canal has?

3. Epithelium?

Back 35

Endometrium and to a lesser extent the myometrium show cyclical histological and functional changes related to menstruation.

1. Cervix is barrel- shaped and about 3cm long.

Supravaginal and portio vaginalis. Internal os and external os.

2. Cervical canal (endocervix) has arbor vitae.

3. Vaginal cervix is lined by squamous epithelium while the endocervix is columnar.

Front 36

Cervix epithelium

Back 36

Vaginal cervix is lined by squamous epithelium

while

the endocervix is columnar.

Front 37

Layers of the endometrium

Back 37

Endometrium has single layer of cuboidal or columnar ciliated cells on a cellular stroma.

a. Stratum compactum

b. Stratum spongiosum

c. Stratum basalis

a anb b = stratum functionalis

Front 38

Uterus

1. Blood supply

2. Venous drainage

3. Lymphatics

Back 38

1. Blood supply from uterine and ovarian arteries.

2. Venous drainage to pampiniform plexus in the broad ligament, uterine vein, ovarian vein, vaginal plexus and vertebral plexus.

3. Lymphatics: paracervical plexus, external and internal iliac nodes, obturator and sacral nodes.

Front 39

Non pregnant uterus is situated in?

Back 39

Entirely within the pelvis

Front 40

Weight of adult uterus

Back 40

Approximately 70g

Front 41

The area of insertion of each Fallopian tube is?

Back 41

Cornu

Front 42

What is parametrium

Back 42

A cellular connective tissue lying lateral to the cervix

Front 43

What is the endocervix ?

Back 43

The endocervix is the cervical canal

Front 44

What is the arbour vitae

Back 44

The mucus membrane of the endocervix ( cervical canal ) has anterior and posterior columns from Which folds radiate out, the arbour vitae

Front 45

The cervix has numerous deep glandular follicles that?

Back 45

Secrete clear, alkaline mucus . The main component of physiological vaginal discharge

Front 46

Linings of the cervix

Back 46

The epithelium of the endocervix is columnar and also ciliated in its upper two-thirds.

This changes to stratified squamous epithelium around the region of the external Os and the junction of these two types of epithelium is called the squamocolumnar junction

Front 47

About Fallopian tubes

1. Attached?

2. Length

3. Opens into?

4. Parts? How many? Length?

Back 47

1. Attached to the cornua and lies in the free upper border of the broad ligament.

2. about 10 cm in length and tortuous.

3. Opens into the peritoneal cavity and the uterus.

Site of fertilization (and tubal gestation).

4.Has 4 parts viz:

intestitial (1-2cm), isthmus (2-3cm), ampulla (5cm), and infundibulum.

Front 48

List the parts of the Fallopian tube and their length

Back 48

A. Has 4 parts viz:

1. intestitial (1-2cm),

2. isthmus (2-3cm),

3. ampulla (5cm),

4. and infundibulum or fimbrial portion

Front 49

Relation to the Fallopian tube

Back 49

1. Superiorly related to the coils of the intestine and omentum.

The appendix and caecum on the right and the pelvic colon on the left.

2. Inferiorly are the broad ligament and its contents. The epoophoron, paroophoron and Gartner’s duct- Remnants of mesonephric duct.

3. Posteriorly are the ovary and the POD.

4. Anteriorly is the top of the bladder.

Lined by ciliated columnar epithelium (endosalpinx ) with thin stroma. Epithelium thrown into a complex arborescence in the ampulla. Muscular wall.

Front 50

Epithelium of the Fallopian tube

Back 50

Q. Lined by ciliated columnar epithelium (endosalpinx ) with thin stroma. Epithelium thrown into a complex arborescence in the ampulla. Muscular wall.

Front 51

List the activities of the Fallopian tube and what controls them

Back 51

Both the muscular and secretory activities are under the influence of the ovarian hormones.

Front 52

Ovary

1. Shape

2. Measures?

3. Weight

4. Which side is larger

5. Attachments

Back 52

1. Solid ovoid structure

2. measures 3.5cm in length and 1.5- 2.5 cm in thickness.

3. Each weighs 4-8g.

4. Right tends to be larger than left

5. Attached to the back of the broad ligament by the mesovarium and suspended from the cornu by the ovarian ligament.

Front 53

List the only pelvic structure not covered by peritoneum

Back 53

Ovary

Front 54

Ovary

1. .......... transmits the vessels and nerves.

Back 54

Hilum transmits the vessels and nerves.

Front 55

Structure of the ovary

Back 55

STRUCTURE

1. Cortex (outer zone) and the medulla (inner zone).

Both have connective tissue stroma which contains the vessels, nerves and follicles.

Front 56

adnexium (plural adnexa) or the appendage is?

Back 56

The tube and the ovary and their mesenteries are so closely related anatomically that they are collectively called the adnexium (plural adnexa) or the appendage. Their position varies greatly

Front 57

What takes place in the ovary

Back 57

Steroidogenesis and follicular development take place in the ovary.

Front 58

Blood supply of the ovary

Back 58

1. Blood supply from the ovarian and the uterine arteries

2. Venous drainage by the pampiniform plexus, ovarian and uterine veins.

3. Lymphatics by aortic nodes, external iliac nodes.