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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GIT layers |
1. Serosa or peritoneum 2. 2 layers of smooth muscles : longitudinal and circular ( deep) 3. Sub mucosal layer: contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels and mucosal glands 4. Mucosa layer |
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Esophagus |
Level: C6 Mms; longitudinal and circular The superior 1/3 of esophagus mm is striated or voluntary and the distal 3rd is involuntary smooth mm, and the middle 3rd is the mixture of smooth and striated mm. At junction of z line between stomach and esophagus, the mucosal lining of epithelium changes from squamous to columnar epithelium cells. ☆ Squamous epithelium is more resistant to abrasion than columnar epithelium. |
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Stomach |
Is the expanded portion of gastrointestinal tract
Has three regs 1. Epigastric 2. Hypochondria ( left) 3. Umbilical regions
Contains Four parts : fundus, cardiac, body & pyloric antrum.
Has two curvature 1. Lessor and 2. greater The internal surface of mucosa and sub mucosa folded and form rugae
The gastric mucosa is composed with four types of secretary glands 1. Mucous cells : secrete alkaline 2. Parietal cells: secrete HCL 3. Chief cell: secrete pepsin 4. G cells : secrete gastrin
Mms: gastroesophageal orifice
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Especial |
Covering of the testis: 1. Skin 2. Subcutaneous fascia of dartos and derose muscle. 3. External spermatic fascia 4. Cremaster fascia and cremaster muscle 5. Internal spermatic fascia 6. Albuginea vaginalis |
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The anterolaterally abdominal wall is bounded by |
1. Superiority A. Cartilage of 7th- 10th ribs B. X. Process 2. Inferiorly A. Inguinal ligament B. Pelvic girdle ( iliac crests, pubic crests and pubis symphysis )
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Anterolateral abdomen consists |
1. Skin and subcutaneous tissue ( S.F) 2. Muscle and their apponeurosis 3. Deep fascia 4. Erraperitoneum fat 5. Peritoneum |
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Fascia of the anterolateral abdomen |
Male is susceptible to subcutaneous accumulation of fat in the lower anterior abdominal wall. Superior to umbilical, the subcutaneous tissue is consistent with that found most regions. Inferior to the umbilical, the deepest part of the subcutaneous tissue is reinforced many elastic and collagen layers, so it has two layers, the superficial fattyayer ( chapter fascia) and the deep membranous layer ( scrapa fascia) of sub cutaneous tissue. The membranous layer continuous inferiorly in to the perineal region as the superficial perineal fascia (colles fascia) , but not into the thighs. |
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Anterolaterally, abdominal muscles arrangement of opposite side ( left and right) designed for |
synergistic work Ex. The right external oblique and the left internal oblique work together when flexing and rotating to bring the right shoulder toward the left hip ( torsional movement of trunk) |
