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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Properties of Muscle TIssue
*Excitability *Contractility *Elasticity *Extensibility |
*responds to stimuli from neurons
*is able to shorten/get thicker *can recoil after contraction *capable of stretching during flexion of antagonist muscles (stretch beyond resting) |
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Functions of Muscles TIssue
(6) |
*movement (works with skeletal system)
*matintenance of posture *temperature regulation (shivering) *sot rage and movement of materials (CALCIUM) *support abdominal organs (hold gut in) *joint stabilization (muscle tone) |
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Three types of muscle tissue
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*cardiac
*smooth *skeleton |
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Characteristic of Cardiac muscle
found where? shape? how many nucelii? striated? voluntary or involuntary? |
*found in myocardium of heart
*fibers are "Y" shaped *uninucleated (small % have 2) *striated *involuntary *intercalated disks (junction between heart cell) *auto-rhythmic (all heart cells can beat on its own) |
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Characterisitics of Smooth Muscle
found where? shape? how many nucelii? striated? voluntary or involuntary? |
*found in walls of visceral organs
*fusiform shape (football) *uninucleate *no striations *involuntary *fatigue resistant- last for long time w/o tiring |
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Characteristics of skeletal muscle
shape? how many nucelii? striated? voluntary or involuntary? |
*made of cylindrical muscle cells (myofibers)
*multinucleate *striated *voluntary *contains myoglobin (O binding pigment) *innervated (neuromuscular junctions) *vascular |
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Why are skeletal muscles multi-nucelate?
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Because of fused myoblast
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Connective tissue wrappings
(4) **See page 292 all four are ____ with the tendon |
*endomysium- surround individual fiber, areolar and reticular fibers.
*perimysium- surrounds groups of muscle fibers (fasicles), dense irregular CT *epimysium- surrounds whole muscle, dense irregular CT *deep fasica- surrounds muscle groups, dense irregular CT CONTINUOUS first 3 make tendon |
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muscle attachments
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*tendons- attach muscle to bones, skin, cartilage. aponeurosis is a flat tendon
*orgin- less movable attachment of msucle *insertion- more movable attachment. Moves TOWARD orgin |
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Microscopoic Anatomy
-sarcolema -sarcoplasm - Transverse tubules -sarcoplasmic reticulum |
-cell membrane
-cytoplasm -invaginations of sarcolemma, conduct impulses to deepest regions of cell -elaborate smooth ER, surrounds each myofibril, stores calcium, contain terminal cisternae (site of CA release) |
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MYOFIBRILS
*** see picture |
*found inside muscle fibers
*shorten during muscle contraction *long row of repeating segments- sarcomeres *composed of MYOFILAMENTS |
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MYOFILAMENTS
**see picture |
*composed of think and thick filaments
*thick filaments: myosin *think filaments: actin, troponin, tropomyosin |
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**see chart lecture nb page 61
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do it!
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Sarcomeres
*______ unit of the skeletal muscle fiber *responsible for ________ *define from ____ |
*functional
*striated appearance of muscle *z disc to z disc |
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Sliding Filament Theory
1. Neuron releases ___ 2. Impulse travel down ____ and cause ____ 3. ___ binds to ___ 4. This causes ____ to slide of binding site on ___ 5. ___ heads attach to ____ (connection called _____) 6. myosin heads _____, pulling ___ (binding powered by ___, triggered by ____) 7. _____ release, process repeated |
1. Neuron transmitter
2. T- tubules; terminal cisternae to release calcium 3. calcium; troponin 4. TTC; actin 5. myosin; actin 6. swivel inward; actin toward center of sarcomere (ATP, Calcium) 7. myosin heads |
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RIGOR MORTIS
*death is not a ___ but a ____ *few hours after death... *after 15-24 hours... |
*event; process
*tissues continue to live after brain/heart/lungs fail *ATP runs out, myosin can't detach from actin, calcium can't be taken up by SR, leads to continued muscle contraction of RIGOR MORTIS *myofibrils begin to deteriorate, allowing muscles to relax |
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Tetanus
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- caused by bacterium Clostridium tetani
-exessive muscle contraction |
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Botulism
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-caused by bacterium Clostridium botulinum
-muscular paralysis -botox approved by FDA in 2002- lessons wrinkles by paralyzing muscles, effects last 120 days |
