Anatomy- Joints And Bones

Front 1

What is the function of bone?

Back 1

-Attaches to muscles ligaments and fascia
-protects vital organs
-storage for calcium
-gives support
-hematopoiesis

Front 2

Osteoporois

Back 2

loss of collagen, less dense, lose height, brittle.

Front 3

osteoarthritis

Back 3

joint deterioration

Front 4

arthritis

Back 4

degeneration of the articular cartilage- joint cartilage= hylaine cartilage

Front 5

Bone is composed of:

Back 5

2/3 mineral components that make bone stiff

1/3 organic material that make bone elastic

Front 6

How do bones grow?
what is the center cavity called?

Back 6

Bones grow from the middle outward and the center cavity is called the medullary cavity

Front 7

Epiphysis

Back 7

Long end of the bone separated from the main shaft by cartilage.

Front 8

Diaphysis

Back 8

shaft or central part of the bone

Front 9

what are the three layers of bone starting from the articular cartilage on the epiphysis?

Back 9

Hylaine
Compact bone
Cancellous (spongy bone)

Front 10

Axial skeleton

Back 10

Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hyoid bone

Front 11

Appendicular skeleton

Back 11

Pectoral girdle
Clavical
Scapula
Humerus
Radius, Ulna
Carpal
Metacarpal
Phalanges

Front 12

Types of bones:

Back 12

Long bones: femur
Short bones: carpal and tarsal bones
Flat bones: Scapula
Irregular bones: vertebrae
Sesamoid: developed in tendons, patella and small bones under the ball of the foot.

Front 13

What are the three categories of joints and what does each one mean?

Back 13

-Synarthroses (synarthroidial) or immovable joints.
-amphiarthroses (slightly movable.
-Diarthroses (freely movable)

Front 14

Give the subcategories of synarthrodial joints

Back 14

syndemoses (partly movable fibrous joints)
-interosseous ligaments between bones of the tibia and fibula or radius and ulna.

Front 15

Synarthroses are under what large category?

Back 15

ligaments

Front 16

synarthroses are those in which the articulating bones are connected by ( )

Back 16

Fibrous tissue
teeth
skull sutures

Front 17

amphiarthrodial joints fall under what large subcategory?

Back 17

Fibrocartilage.

Front 18

what is an example of a fibrocartilaginous joint?

Back 18

The intervertebral disks
the symphysis pubis
Costochondral (rib to sternum)

Front 19

Name 5 characteristics of a synovial joint.

Back 19

- Is separated by articulating bones
- Articulating bones are capped with hylaine cartilage.
-Articular (synovial) capsule with synovial fluid.
-Bursae

Front 20

Give three examles of a gliding joint

Back 20

Acromioclavicular
Intercarpal
Intertarsal
Facets of the vertebrae

Front 21

Ellipsoidal

Back 21

Radiocarpal
occipitoatlantal

Front 22

Ball and socket

Back 22

Coxafemural

Front 23

Saddle joint

Back 23

sternoclavicular
thumb joint

Front 24

Pivot

Back 24

Atlantoaxial

Front 25

Hinge

Back 25

Interphalangeal

Front 26

What are 5 characteristics of stability?

Back 26

-Resistance to movement and displacement
-ligaments create stability
-muscles stablaize
-fascia
-atmospheric pressure

Front 27

What are 5 characteristics of mobility?

Back 27

-Range of motion
-Sex
-Personal exercise routine
-Occupation
-Body Build

Front 28

What are the three strongest joints in order from strongest to weakest?

Back 28

1. Hip
2. Elbow
3. Ankle

Front 29

What is a bursa sac?

Back 29

Sac-like membranes filled with fluid which prevents friction between tendon and bone.

Front 30

Describe a first class lever

Back 30

R A M

Front 31

Describe a second class lever

Back 31

A R M (Releve)

Front 32

Describe a third class lever

Back 32

A M R (arm lifting heavy object)

Front 33

What are some purposes of the axial skeleton?

Back 33

-Support skull
-Shock absorber
-transmitts weight throughout vertebral bodies
-permits movement in all directions.

Front 34

What are the 4 curves of the spine?

How many vertebrae are in each curve?

Back 34

-7 vertebrae in the cervical spine.

- 12 in thoracic

- 5 in lumbar

-5 in sacrum

Front 35

Movement of the spine is determined by:

Back 35

Thickness of interveterbral disks

angle of articular facets

shape of spinous processes

Front 36

What is scoliosis?

Back 36

Lateral misalignment of the spine

Front 37

What is lordosis?

Back 37

Anterior rotation of pelvis (butt sticks out)

Front 38

What is kyphosis?

Back 38

posterior drop in the thorax (shoulders cave inward)

Front 39

What is the outer edge of the body of the vertebrae called?

Back 39

annulus fibrosis

Front 40

What is the inner edge of the body of the vertebrae called?

Back 40

Nucleus pulposis

Front 41

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament do?

Back 41

It prevents the disk from moving anteriorally.

Front 42

Where does the supraspinous ligament run from?

Back 42

C7 all the way posteriorally

Front 43

Describe the bodies of the cervical spine

Back 43

disks are 1/3 the size of bodies

bodies are smaller

side bending is restricted by rectangular shape of body.

Front 44

Facets of the Thorax

Back 44

horizontal in picture (vertical in actuality)

Front 45

Facets of the lumbar:

processes of lumbar:

Back 45

Superior is medial
Inferior is lateral

thicker and parallel
lima bean shaped.