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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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joints
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articulations of bones (where they come together)
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functions of joints
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hold bones together; allow for mobility
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ways joints are classified
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functionally; structurally
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functional (amount of movement) classification of joints
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synarthroses; amphiarthroses; diarthroses
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synarthroses
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immovable joints
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amphiarthroses
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slightly moveable joints
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diarthroses
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freely moveable joints
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structural classification of joints
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fibrous joints (generally immovable); cartilaginous joints(immovable or slightly moveable); synovial joints (freely moveable)
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fibrous joints
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bones united by fibrous tissue
examples: sutures, syndesmoses (allows more movement than sutures; ex. distal end of tibia and fibula) |
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cartilaginous joints
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bones connected by cartilage
examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints, epiphyseal plates (b/w ribs and sternum) |
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synovial joints
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articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity; synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity (b/w long bones; withstand most friction and pressure)
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features of synovial joints
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articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones; joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule; have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid; ligaments reinforce the joint
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structures associated with the synovial joint
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bursae; tendon sheath
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bursae
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flattened fibrous sacs; lined with synovial membranes; filled with synovial fluid; not actually part of the joint
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tendon sheath
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elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
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dislocation
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bone is forced out of its normal position in joint cavity
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types of synovial joints
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plane; hinge; pivot; condyloid; saddle; ball-and-socket
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plane joint
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glide; carpals
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hinge joint
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fingers, elbow, ankle
1 axis |
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pivot joint
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atlas and axis
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condyloid joint
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knuckles; oval fits into oval
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saddle joint
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convex/concave parts
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ball-and-socket joint
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shoulder and hip
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inflammatory conditions associated with joints
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sprain; bursitis; tendonitis; arthritis
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sprain
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ligaments/tendons are damaged by stretching or torn away from bone (heal slowly)
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bursitis
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inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction
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tendonitis
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inflammation of tendon sheaths
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arthritis
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inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints (over 100 different types; most widespread crippling disease in U.S. 1/7)
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clinical forms of arthritis
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osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; gouty arthritis
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osteoarthritis
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articular cartilage; most common chronic arthritis; probably related to normal aging processes
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rheumatoid arthritis
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synovial membranes; an autoimmune disease (immune system attacks the joints); symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joints (both sides); often leads to deformities (scar tissue turns into bone)
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gouty arthritis
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inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate (uric acid) crystals from the blood; can usually be controlled with diet
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