Anatomy Ii Test

Front 1

blood is composed of all except

Back 1

interstitial fluid

Front 2

the formed elements of the blood include

Back 2

blood cells

Front 3

the combination of plasma and formed elements is called

Back 3

whole blood

Front 4

when checking the efficiency of gas exchange it may be necessary to draw blood sample from?

Back 4

an artery

Front 5

the total volume of blood in the body of a 20kg man is approximately_____liters

Back 5

5-6 liters

Front 6

the most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

Back 6

albumin

Front 7

plasma proteins that are necessary for blood clotting are

Back 7

fibrinogens

Front 8

RBC production is regulated by the hormone

Back 8

erithropoenin

Front 9

which of the following statements are concerning RBC is false

Back 9

do not have a larke

Front 10

adult normal hct would be

Back 10

45%

Front 11

a person with type A blood has

Back 11

B antigen on the RBC

Front 12

the cups of AV valve are attached to papillary

Back 12

chordae tendenea

Front 13

the T wave on aa EkG tracing represents

Back 13

ventricular re-polarization

Front 14

contraction of the papillary muscle

Back 14

present the AV valve from increasing into the atria

Front 15

the visceral pericardium is the same as the

Back 15

epicardium

Front 16

the biscuspid valve is located

Back 16

between Left atrium and R Ventricle

Front 17

the left ventricle pumps blood to the

Back 17

systemic system

Front 18

the AV valve on the side of the heart that receives the superior vena cava is the

Back 18

tricuspid

Front 19

blood learning the right ventricle enters the

Back 19

pulmonary trunk

Front 20

air entering the body is filtering, warming and humidified by the

Back 20

upper respiratory track

Front 21

the entrance to the ascending aorta is guarded by the

Back 21

semilunar valve

Front 22

the common passeway shared by the respiratory and digestive system is the

Back 22

pharynx

Front 23

the airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is the

Back 23

thrachea

Front 24

the actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

Back 24

alveoli

Front 25

when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscle contract

Back 25

the V of thorax increases

Front 26

the RA receives blood from the

Back 26

inferior vena cava

Front 27

the partial pressure of Oxygen in arterial blood is approximately

Back 27

100 mmHg

Front 28

the process by which dissolved gases are exchange between the blood and tissue is

Back 28

internal respiration

Front 29

boyles law, if the volume of gas increases

Back 29

the pressure of the gas will decrease

Front 30

the function of an atrium is to

Back 30

collect blood

Front 31

compare to the RV the LV has all following characteristics EXCEPT that it

Back 31

relaxes the same way

Front 32

the L and R Pulmonary Vein carry blood to the

Back 32

Heart

Front 33

the heart is composed of____layers

Back 33

4

Front 34

blood components

Back 34

plasma, WBC, RBC

Front 35

blood cells originate in red bone marrow from

Back 35

hematopoetic

Front 36

a protein called thrombopoietin stimulates large cells called

Back 36

megakaryocytes

Front 37

myeloid and lymphoid stems cells, respond to different secreted growth factors, called

Back 37

hematopoietic growth factors

Front 38

the lack of nuclei in the red blood cells cannot

Back 38

synthesize messenger RNA

Front 39

in the red bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells divide and give rise to

Back 39

erythroblasts

Front 40

a negative feed back mechanism using the hormone

Back 40

erytheopoietin

Front 41

erythropoietin

Back 41

controls the rate of red blood cell formation

Front 42

the drop of the atmospheric pressure decreases releases the

Back 42

EPO

Front 43

The average life span of a red blood cell is

Back 43

120 days

Front 44

The number of red blood cells in a male is

Back 44

4,600,000–6,200,000

Front 45

Red blood cell formation (erythropoiesis) initially occurs

Back 45

in the yolk sac, liver, and spleen

Front 46

When iron stores are low,

Back 46

absorption rate increases, and when the tissues are becoming saturated with iron, the rate greatly decreases.

Front 47

Low blood oxygen causes the

Back 47

kidneys and liver to release erythropoietin

Front 48

A deficiency of red blood cells or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin they contain results in a condition called

Back 48

anemia

Front 49

White blood cells, or leukocytes

Back 49

protect against
disease

Front 50

Neutrophils

Back 50

have fine cytoplasmic granules
that appear light purple with a combination of acid and
base stains

Front 51

Neutrophils

Back 51

account for 54% to 62% of the leukocytes in a typical blood
sample from an adult

Front 52

These cells
phagocytize bacteria, fungi, and some viruses

Back 52

Neutrophils

Front 53

Eosinophils

Back 53

contain coarse, uniformly
sized cytoplasmic granules that stain deep red in acid
stain

Front 54

moderate allergic reactions and
defend against parasitic worm infestation

Back 54

Eosinophils

Front 55

These cells make
up 1% to 3% of the total number of circulating leukocytes

Back 55

Eosinophils

Front 56

Basophils

Back 56

are similar to eosinophils in size
and in the shape of their nuclei

Front 57

they release histamine, which promotes infl ammation, and heparin, which inhibits blood clotting, thus increasing blood flow to injured tissues

Back 57

Basophils

Front 58

Monocytes

Back 58

are the largest blood cells, two
to three times greater in diameter than red blood cells

Front 59

leave the bloodstream and become macrophages
that phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris in the tissues

Back 59

Monocytes

Front 60

They usually make up 3% to 9% of the leukocytes in
a blood sample and live for several weeks or even months

Back 60

Monocytes

Front 61

Lymphocytes

Back 61

are usually only slightly
larger than erythrocytes

Front 62

The major types of lymphocytes are T cells and
B cells, both important in

Back 62

immunity.

Front 63

T cells

Back 63

directly attack
microorganisms, tumor cells, and transplanted cells

Front 64

B cells

Back 64

produce antibodies

Front 65

White blood cells

Back 65

protect against infection in various ways

Front 66

Leukocytes can squeeze between the cells

Back 66

This movement, called
diapedesis

Front 67

The most mobile and active phagocytic leukocytes are

Back 67

neutrophils and monocytes

Front 68

The swelling that
this inflammatory reaction produces delays the spread of
invading microorganisms into other regions

Back 68

This phenomenon is called positive
chemotaxis

Front 69

A total
number of white blood cells exceeding 10,000 per microliter

Back 69

leukocytosis

Front 70

Platelets

Back 70

also called thrombocytes

Front 71

Megakaryocytes, and therefore platelets, develop from
hematopoietic stem cells

Back 71

in response to the hormone
thrombopoietin

Front 72

Platelets help repair

Back 72

damaged blood vessels by sticking
to broken surfaces

Front 73

They release serotonin

Back 73

which contracts
smooth muscles in the vessel walls, reducing blood flow.

Front 74

Red blood cell (erythrocyte

Back 74

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 75

White blood cell (leukocyte)

Back 75

Destroys pathogenic microorganisms
and parasites and removes worn cells

Front 76

Neutrophil

Back 76

Phagocytizes small particles

Front 77

Eosinophil

Back 77

Kills parasites and moderates allergic
reactions

Front 78

Basophil

Back 78

Releases heparin and histamine

Front 79

Monocyte

Back 79

Phagocytizes large particles

Front 80

Lymphocyte

Back 80

Provides immunity

Front 81

Platelet (thrombocyte)

Back 81

Helps control blood loss from broken
vessels

Front 82

plasma proteins

Back 82

are the most abundant dissolved
substances (solutes) in plasma

Front 83

Albumins

Back 83

are the smallest of the plasma
proteins, yet account for 60% of these proteins by weight

Front 84

albumins are an important

Back 84

determinant of the
osmotic pressure of the plasma

Front 85

If the concentration of plasma proteins falls, tissues swell, a condition

Back 85

called edema.

Front 86

Globulins

Back 86

which make up about 36% of
the plasma proteins, can be further subdivided into alpha,
beta, and gamma globulins

Front 87

Fibrinogen

Back 87

which constitutes about 4% of
the plasma proteins, plays a primary role in blood coagulation

Front 88

The most important blood gases are

Back 88

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 89

The plasma nutrients

Back 89

include amino acids, simple sugars,
nucleotides, and lipids absorbed from the digestive tract

Front 90

Molecules that contain nitrogen atoms but are not proteins
comprise a group called

Back 90

nonprotein nitrogenous substances

Front 91

a rise in the blood urea
nitrogen (BUN)

Back 91

may suggest a kidney disorder

Front 92

Coagulation

Back 92

the most effective hemostatic
mechanism, forms a blood clot in a series of reactions

Front 93

Hemostasis

Back 93

refers to the stoppage of bleeding,
which is vitally important when blood vessels are damaged

Front 94

Cutting or breaking a smaller blood vessel stimulates the
smooth muscles

Back 94

called vasospasm

Front 95

A blood clot abnormally forming in a vessel is a

Back 95

thrombus

Front 96

clot that dislodges, or a fragment of a clot
that breaks loose and is carried away by the blood fl ow, is
called an

Back 96

embolus

Front 97

embolism.

Back 97

emboli continue
to move until they reach narrow places in vessels where they
may lodge and block blood fl ow, causing an

Front 98

atherosclerosis

Back 98

accumulations
of fatty deposits change arterial linings, sometimes
initiating inappropriate clotting

Front 99

whenever antigen A is absent in the red blood cells,
an antibody

Back 99

called anti-A is produced

Front 100

anti-B

Back 100

whenever antigen
B is absent, an antibody called

Front 101

persons with type A blood also have

Back 101

anti-B antibody
in their plasma

Front 102

those with type B blood have

Back 102

anti-A
antibody