Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Photoheterotroph
|
Obtain energy from sunlight and use organic sources for their carbon
|
|
|
Phylogenetic Systematics
|
Connects classification with evolutionary history
|
|
|
Synapomorphy
|
Shared derived trait
|
|
|
Paraphyletic
|
Contains some but not all of the descendants from a common ancestor
|
|
|
Hypertheromophiles
|
Grow in hot, highly acidic pools.
Die in temperatures 131 degrees C or below because it is too cold |
|
|
Photoautotrophs
|
Harness sunlight for energy and CO2 for carbon source
|
|
|
Cyanobacteria
|
Called "Blue-Green Algae" Can fix nitrogen and do photosynthesis
|
|
|
Autotrophs
|
Make their own food
|
|
|
Parsimony
|
The least complex explanation for an observed phenomenon
|
|
|
Convergent Evolution
|
Adaptive change resulting in non-homologous similarities among organisms
|
|
|
Flagella
|
What some prokaryotes use to move around
|
|
|
Obligate Anaerobe
|
Die in the presence of oxygen
|
|
|
Methanogens
|
Release 2 billion tons of methane gas into the Earth's atmosphere every year
|
|
|
Gram (+)
|
Have thick peptidoglycan in cell wall that stains purple
|
|
|
Divergent Evolution
|
Accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of a new species
|
|
|
Bacilli
|
Rod-shaped
|
|
|
Cocci
|
Spherical-shaped
|
|
|
Cladograms
|
Represent the evolutionary tree of life
|
|
|
1/3 of methane gas production comes from here
|
Intestines of grazing herbivores
|
|
|
Obligate Aerobe
|
Must have oxygen to survive
|
|
|
Spirilla
|
Syphillis
|
|
|
Chemoheterotroph
|
Get energy and Carbon from organic molecules
*largest and most diverse group of prokaryotes* |
|
|
Peptidoglycan
|
Unique to Bacteria, not found in Archaea
|
|
|
Bacteria & Archaea
|
Two Domains of Prokaryotes
|
|
|
Mycoplasmas
|
Smallest and simplest self-replicating organisms. Strictly parasites.
|
|
|
Endotoxins
|
Components of the outer membranes of pathogenic bacteria
|
|
|
Polyphyletic
|
Taxon composed of unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor
|
|
|
Biofilm
|
Surface-coating colony of prokaryotes that engage in metabolic cooperation
Example: Plaque on teeth |
|
|
Proteobacteria
|
Salmonella, E. coli
|
|
|
Cell Wall
|
Contains peptidoglycan
|
|
|
Chemoautotroph
|
Energy from inorganic chemicals and carbon from CO2 to make organic molecule.
|
|
|
Outgroup
|
Group of taxa known to have diverged before the lineage that contains the ingroup
|
|
|
How Prokaryotes reproduce
|
1.) Binary Fission
2.) Conjugation |
|
|
Monophyletic
|
Derived from a single ancestor that didn't give rise to any other species in any other taxa
|
|
|
Gram (-)
|
Have thin petidoglycan layer that stains pink
|
|
|
Exotoxins
|
Proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria.
Example: Clostridium Tetani |
|
|
Homologous Traits
|
Traits in different species that are similar because of common ancestry
|
|
|
Archaebacteria
|
Kingdom in Domain Archaea
|
|
|
Eubacteria
|
Kingdom in Domain Bacteria
|
|
|
Ingroup
|
Group of taxa that is being analyzed
|
|
|
Pathogen
|
Causes diseases
Example: Staph |
|
|
Halophiles
|
Salt-loving
|
|
|
Heterotroph
|
Eat other organisms
|
|
|
Analogous Traits
|
Trait is morphologically and functionally similar, but came from different ancestors.
|
|
|
Mutations
|
Primary source of variation in Prokaryotes.
|
|
|
Facultative Anaerobe
|
Can do metabolism with or without oxygen.
|
|
|
Eon which prokaryotes were first recorded in the fossil record
|
Archaean or Pre-Cambrian
|
|
|
Properties of Prokaryotes
|
No Nucleus,
No membrane-bound organelles, Small, Cytoplasm, Plasma Membrane |
|
|
Thermoplasmas
|
No Cell Wall,
Heat and Acid-loving, Found in coal deposits, Smallest genome among all organisms |
|
|
Chlamydias
|
Obligate intracellular organisms.
-3 species |
