Anatomy Ii- Ruminant Quiz 3

Front 1

The ________ is also known as the middle of the spine on the scapula. It is poorly develeped in the ox.

Back 1

tuber spinae

Front 2

_____ cartilage on the scapula is prominent in ungulates.

Back 2

scapular

Front 3

_______ is absent in ruminants

Back 3

clavicle

Front 4

In the humerus, the greater tubercle has both cranial & caudal parts in _______ (species)

Back 4

ruminants & ungulates

Front 5

The "knock-kneed" stance of the ox is comes from which distal bone of the fore limb?

Back 5

radius

Front 6

_____ fuses to the radius in ruminants.

Back 6

ulna

Front 7

How many carpal bones does a pig have?

Back 7

8 separate carpal bones

Front 8

Which carpal bone of the ruminant is lost or fused compared to the pig?

Back 8

Cp 1 is lost
Cp 2 & Cp 3 are fused

Front 9

Which metacarpal bones are absent in the ruminant?

Back 9

M/C 1 & 2

Front 10

In radiographs, M/c 3 & 4 are fused forming ________

Back 10

cannon bone or large metacarpal bone

Front 11

The composite bone in the ruminant has dorsal & palmar ________, proximal & distal __________ & a distally situated __________.

Back 11

longitudinal grooves
metacarpal canals
intertrochlear notch

Front 12

What are 3 parts of the phalange called?

Back 12

base, body, & head

Front 13

What are the 2 & 5 digits of the phalanges in the Ox called?

Back 13

paradigits

Front 14

Which digits in the Ox are functional?

Back 14

3 & 4

Front 15

A _______ surface of the distal phalanx of the ungulate makes contact with the hoof wall.

Back 15

parietal

Front 16

A _______ surface of the distal phalanx of the ungulate makes contact with the sole

Back 16

solear

Front 17

The _______ border is found at the interface with the skin on the distal phalanx of the ungulate.

Back 17

coronary

Front 18

How many proximal & distal sesamoid bones are found per functional digit of the ungulate?

Back 18

2 proximal & 1 distal

Front 19

What are the major muscles of the pectoral girdle?

Back 19

trapezius m.
Latissimus dorsi m.
rhomboideus m.

Front 20

Which muscle is the prime retractor of the forelimb?

Back 20

Latissimus dorsi m.

Front 21

_______ is the only extrinsic muscle of the forelimb that arises from the thoraco-abdominal part of the body.

Back 21

latissimus dorsi m.

Front 22

Which of the rhomboideus m. is missing in ruminants?

Back 22

rhomboideus capitis m.

Front 23

The ________ is a dome- shaped mass of a muscle in what part of the back?

Back 23

zebu hump
cervico-thoracic portion of the dorsal surface

Front 24

The Zebu Hump is unique to what breed of cattle?

Back 24

Bos Indicus

Front 25

What muscles are involved with the Zebu Hump?

Back 25

Rhomboideus m. (main muscle)
trapezius m.
latissimus dorsi m.

Front 26

What is the location of the zebu hump?

Back 26

Found between T1 & T5 from one angle of the blade of the scapula to the other.

Front 27

What are the 6 other muscles of the pectoral girdle besides the trapiezius, latissimuss dorsi & rhomboidius muscles?

Back 27

Brachiocephalicus
supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
coracobrachialis
subscapular
teres major

Front 28

What are the muscles of the elbow joint?

Back 28

Biceps brachii m.
tricep brachii m.
tensor fasciae antebrachii m.
Brachialis m.
Anconeus m.

Front 29

The Biceps brachii m. has a synovial bursa called the _______ found in the intertubercular groove

Back 29

intertubercular bursa

Front 30

__________ is an extension of the shoulder joint capsule in sheep & the dog.

Back 30

intertubercular bursa

Front 31

______ is a tendinous band extending from the origin of the bicep brachii m. to the deep fascia of the extensor carpi radalialis m.

Back 31

lactertus fibrosus

Front 32

_____ helps to keep the shoulder & carpal joints in extension when limbs bear weight.

Back 32

lactertus fibrosus

Front 33

________ head of the tricep brachii can be found in sheep & dogs.

Back 33

accessory

Front 34

What is the function of the tricep brachii m.

Back 34

extends the elbow joint & flexes shoulder joint

Front 35

Upper radial nerve damage causes the elbow not to extend, can the animal bear weight on this limb?

Back 35

no

Front 36

WHat are the muscles of the radio-ulnar joints?

Back 36

Brachioradialis
supinator
pronator quadratus
pronator teres

Front 37

_______ m. acts as a collateral ligament as part of the radio-ulnar joints.

Back 37

pronator teres m.

Front 38

What type of muscle group are the muscles of the carpal & digital joints?

Back 38

functional

Front 39

_____ is absent in the ruminant & pig

Back 39

clavicle

Front 40

Scapular cartilage is prominent is which species?

Back 40

ungulates

Front 41

There is a cranial & caudal part of this tubercle in ruminants.

Back 41

greater

Front 42

There is a cranial & caudal part of this tubercle in ruminants & horsrs.

Back 42

lesser

Front 43

The radius separates from the ulna in which species?

Back 43

pig

Front 44

The radius is separate but fused from the ulna in which species?

Back 44

ruminant

Front 45

What species do you find the knock knee stance?

Back 45

Ox

Front 46

What is the knock knee stance?

Back 46

3 oblique facets distomedially on carpal articular surface

Front 47

_____ is fused to radius in the ruminant but still distinguishable

Back 47

ulna

Front 48

_______ border of distal phalanx also has an extensor process for attachment of common digital extensor m. @ proximal part of cranial surface.

Back 48

coronary

Front 49

How many sesamoid bones are part of the distal phalanx of an ungulate?

Back 49

2 prox (metacarpophalangeal jt.) per functional digit
1 distal (dis. interphalangeal jt.) per functional digit

Front 50

What is the only muscle of the forelimb arising from the thoracoabdominal part of the body?

Back 50

latissimus dorsi

Front 51

Which species are missing the rhomboideus capitis M.?

Back 51

bovine, ungulates

Front 52

_________ keeps legs extended w/o muscle fatigue

Back 52

lacertus fibrosus

Front 53

Lacertus fibrosus is better developed in which species?

Back 53

sheep & Ox

Front 54

__________ m. is a primover that advances forelimb.

Back 54

brachiocephalic m.

Front 55

Muscles of the radio-ulnar joints are lost in which species because they can't pronate or supinate the antebrachium?

Back 55

ungulates

Front 56

Pronator teres m. is a small, fibrous & acts as a collateral ligamen in which species?

Back 56

ruminants

Front 57

_______ arise from the lateral humeral epicondyle in the fore limb.

Back 57

extensors

Front 58

_______ arise from the medial humeral epicondyle

Back 58

flexors

Front 59

What muscle of the forelimb is the main body weight supporting function?

Back 59

interosseus m.

Front 60

What supports the fetlock joint?

Back 60

Tendons of the superficial & deep digital flexors

Front 61

List the fascia of the fore-arm (antebrachium).

Back 61

antebrachial fascia (fascia antebrachii)
dorsal fascia of the hand (fascia dorsalis manus)
fascia of the palm ( fascia palmaris)

Front 62

How many carpal & digital extensors are found in the ungulate & what nerve innervates them?

Back 62

two carpal extensors
two digital extensors
all innervated by the radial nerve

Front 63

What are the 4 extensor muscles of the carpus & digits?

Back 63

extensor carpi radalialis m.
common digital extensor m.
lateral digital extensor m.
extensor carpi ulnaris m.

Front 64

Which extensor muscle of the carpus & digits is actually considered a
flexor ?

Back 64

extensor carpi ulnaris m.

Front 65

How many flexors of the carpis & digits are there?

Back 65

2 carpal flexors & 2 digital flexors, as in the dog.

Front 66

What are the flexor muscles of the carpus & digits?

Back 66

flexor carpi radialis m.
flexor carpi ulnaris m.
superficial digital flexor m.
deep digital flexor m.

Front 67

______ flexor supports fetlock jt. in ungulates.

Back 67

super digital

Front 68

Names some special features of the SDF muscle.

Back 68

2 bellies
deep tendon passes thru the carpal canal
Superficial tendon passes over flexor retinaculum

Front 69

Name some special features of the DDF muscle.

Back 69

-3 heads
-common tendon passes thru carpal canal
-splits into 2 tendons that insert on distal phalanges

Front 70

What are the 2 parts of the interosseus m.?

Back 70

interossei III & IV, fused together at axial borders

Front 71

What is the function of the interosseus M.?

Back 71

supports fetlock when bearing weight
sling action prevents sagging

Front 72

_______ minimize over extension of the fetlock

Back 72

extensor slips to the common digital extensor tendon

Front 73

_______ invests & stabilizes the tendons of the dorsal portion of the manus.

Back 73

dorsal fascia of the manus

Front 74

_______ is the highly thicken part of the manus fascia that reinforces the fibrous layer of capsule to carpal joint (transversely)

Back 74

extensor retinaculum

Front 75

What does the palmar fascia form?

Back 75

flexor retinaculum
proximal scutum
annular palmar ligament
proximal digital ligament

Front 76

______ forms short tunnel w/ palmar carpal ligament.

Back 76

flexor reticnaculum

Front 77

______ transmits the tendons of the digital flexors & the flexor carpi radialis muscles.

Back 77

carpal canal

Front 78

_______ is paired in ruminants & attaches to the axial & abaxial surfaces of the proximal sesamoid bones.

Back 78

annular palmer ligament

Front 79

________ is a fibrocartilagenous structure attaching together the proximal parts of the pair of proximal sesamoid bones per digit.

Back 79

proximal scutum

Front 80

There is how many PDL per digit in the ruminant?

Back 80

1

Front 81

Each PDL comprises a ______ & ______ band.

Back 81

proximal (P1) & distal (middle P1)

Front 82

_______ is the fibrocartilagenous, proximopalmer extension of P2.

Back 82

middle scutum

Front 83

________ ligament prevents splaying of digits & extends from the abaxial eminence on the proximal end of P2 over the deep digital flexor tendon before attaching to the distal sesamoid bone of adjacent digit.

Back 83

distal interdigital ligament

Front 84

______ attaches to the proximal border of the distal sesamoid bone and is the smooth gliding surface for the deep digital flexor tendon.

Back 84

distal scutum

Front 85

_____ joint is found b/w radio-ulnar segment & proximal row of carpal bones(+ the accessory bone)

Back 85

Antebrachiocarpal joint:

Front 86

___________ cavity opens widely when the carpus is flexed. Most voluminous of the three main articulations.

Back 86

The antebrachiocarpal
(radiocarpal) joint

Front 87

___________ joint has the greatest amount of movement of all three
articulations, and is most susceptible to injury or inflammation,

Back 87

Antebrachiocarpal joint:

Front 88

_______ is a composite, hinge type joint with 3 articulation.

Back 88

Carpal joint

Front 89

What are the 3 articulations of the carpal joint?

Back 89

Antebrachiocarpal joint:
Middle carpal joint:
Carpometacarpal joint:

Front 90

What joint is found between the proximal and distal rows of carpal
bones & is Less voluminous
and less mobile than ABC?

Back 90

Middle carpal joint:

Front 91

What joint is found between the distal row of carpal bones and the
metacarpus, has minimal mobility (plane joint)

Back 91

Carpometacarpal joint:

Front 92

What is the layer found on the joint capsule for all 3 major joints.

Back 92

common superficial fibrous layer

Front 93

What causes joint flexion on the joint capsule?

Back 93

thinner portion of the fibrous layer that is found on the dorsal part of the joint

Front 94

What does the synovial layer of the joint capsule form?

Back 94

antebrachiocarpal-most extensive
Middle & distal carpal sacs

Front 95

Where do the middle & dorsal sacs of the synovial layer of the joint capsule communicate?

Back 95

3rd & 4th carpal bones

Front 96

Which collateral ligament is more developed in ruminants and why?

Back 96

medial collateral ligament is more developed due to knock knee stance which places strain on MCL making it more developed.

Front 97

What is the accessory carpal bone attached by?

Back 97

dorsal, lateral & distal carpal ligament

Front 98

_______ no true collateral ligaments, but stable joint --- very rare luxation.

Back 98

shoulder joint

Front 99

In which species is the intertubercular bursa of the shoulder joint an
extension of the joint capsule?

Back 99

sheep

Front 100

Where might one do an anthrocentesis on a sheep in the shoulder joint?

Back 100

Into the joint capsule at the cranial edge of the infraspinatus m.

Front 101

Where would you find the Intertubercular bursa?

Back 101

Cranial edge of deltoid tuberosity, directed proximally between the bone and biceps brachii m.

Front 102

Where would you do an arthrocentesis on the elbow joint?

Back 102

Cranial edge of the lateral collateral
ligament, toward articular
space OR caudal sac of the joint capsule through the olecranon fossa OR between the lateral collateral
ligament and the humeral
epicondyle.

Front 103

________ ligament is extremely strong, , prevents carpal over-extension

Back 103

palmar carpal ligament

Front 104

What are the components of the palmar carpal ligament?

Back 104

Components are the thick fibrous
layer of the palmar joint capsule
and the palmar intercarpal
ligaments

Front 105

What does the palmar carpal ligament form?

Back 105

Forms the deep wall of the carpal
canal

Front 106

________ ligaments go to the ulna, ulnar carpal & metacarpal bones.

Back 106

Accessory carpal ligaments

Front 107

What is the fetlock joint also known as?

Back 107

metacarpophalangeal joint

Front 108

Which is the most ‘worked’ joint of the fore limb.

Back 108

fetlock joint

Front 109

What is the function of the fetlock joint?

Back 109

bears bulk of the weight
always hyper extended
breaks vertical column of limb

Front 110

What articulates with the palmar aspect of the metacarpal condyle & not the proximal phalanx?

Back 110

proximal sesamoid bones

Front 111

These________ protect the palmar surface of the fetlock, enlarge the joint surface, and permit some “give” or yielding action.

Back 111

sesamoid bones

Front 112

What are the ligaments of the ruminant joint capsule?

Back 112

Axial and abaxial collateral ligaments
Sesamoid ligaments
• * proximal
• * middle, and
• * distal groups.

Front 113

What are some functions of the ruminant joint capsule?

Back 113

separate joint capsule for digits III & IV
fuse axially: communicate there
forms recesses dorsally & palmarly
part in contact w/ tendon is cartilagenous

Front 114

Which muscle functions as a ligament around the proximal sesamoidean ligaments?

Back 114

interosseus m.

Front 115

__________ ligament has Extensor slips that go to the common digital extensor (digit III) and lateral
digital extensor (digit IV)

Back 115

proximal sesamoidean ligaments

Front 116

What are the three ligaments that make up Middle sesamoidean ligaments?

Back 116

Medial and lateral palmar ligaments
Interdigital intersesamoidean ligament
Lateral and medial collateral sesamoidean ligaments

Front 117

_______ ligament connect both axial and abaxial proximal sesamoid bones of each digit. Part of the proximal scutum.

Back 117

Medial and lateral palmar ligaments

Front 118

________ ligament joins axial surfaces of proximal sesamoid
bones of both digits.

Back 118

Interdigital intersesamoidean

Front 119

__________ ligaments Join abaxial proximal sesamoid bones to the
proximal ends of the proximal phalanges.

Back 119

Lateral and medial collateral sesamoidean

Front 120

What species are the ligaments of the proximal interdigital space absent?

Back 120

sheep

Front 121

What ligament holds the digits together and is part of the ligaments of the proximal interdigital space?

Back 121

distal ligament

Front 122

_______ ligaments have NO INTERDIGITAL COLLATERAL
SESAMOIDEAN LIGAMENTS

Back 122

proximal interdigital space

Front 123

Where do you find the collateral navicular ligament?

Back 123

b/w middle phalanx & navicular (sesamoid) bone

Front 124

Where is an arthocentesis of the fetlock joint done?

Back 124

a needle is inserted proximal to the fetlock joint b/w metacarpal & extensor slip of interosseus m.

Front 125

What is the function of the joint capsule of the pastern joint?

Back 125

Bulges & forms a recesses proximal & distal to dorsal surface of joint.

Front 126

The pastern joint is also called _________.

Back 126

proximal interphalangeal joint

Front 127

The joint capsule of the ________ joint is extensive & must be considered in dew claw amputation.

Back 127

pastern

Front 128

Where do the axial/abaxial collateral ligaments of the pastern joint run?

Back 128

(from distal
end of P1 to proximal end of P2)

Front 129

Coffin joint is also known as _______

Back 129

distal interphalangeal joint

Front 130

What are the 2 major ligaments that make up the coffin joint?

Back 130

Sesamoidean ligaments (elastic)
dorsal ligament

Front 131

What are the 5 superficial structures of the caudal neck and shoulder regions?

Back 131

Dorsal cutaneous nerves
Supraclavicular nerves
Intercostobrachial nerves
The external jugular vein
Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Front 132

The lateral thoracic artery and vein are
present in those species which have _________.

Back 132

Thoracic mammae

Front 133

The lateral thoracic artery and vein are
present in which species?

Back 133

pig and dog

Front 134

The lateral thoracic artery and vein are
absent in which species?

Back 134

Horse & ox

Front 135

The accessory axillary lymph node is
only occasionally present in which species.

Back 135

the ox.