Anatomy Ii - Head (Ruminant And Pig)

Front 1

forms entire roof of cranium in ox and pig

Back 1

frontal bone

Front 2

T/F - the parotid duct of the goat and sheep are variable

Where found?

Back 2

True. The parotid duct may course along the ventral border of the mandible or across the masseter m.

Front 3

T/F Bony orbit is complete in horse but not ruminants

Back 3

False complete in horse and ruminant, NOT in carnivores

Front 4

What is the largest compartment in the bovine head and has a cornual diverticulum into the cornual process?

Back 4

Caudal frontal sinus is largest compartment

Front 5

How many compartments are in the rostral portion of frontal sinus?

Back 5

2 or 3

Front 6

What separates the caudal and rostral frontral sinuses?

Back 6

Oblique septum

Front 7

What compartments are in the frontal sinus of the small ruminant?
Which is larger?

Back 7

Smaller medial
Larger lateral
No caudal compartment

Front 8

What sinus in the bovine is a single invagination, has a narrow, slit-like opening called the nasomaxillary aperture, and it extends into the lacrimal bulla?

Back 8

MAXILLARY SINUS is single invagin.; with narrow opening

Front 9

In the pig, is the maxillary or frontal sinus larger?

Back 9

Frontal sinus is larger

Front 10

What part of the nose in an ox is used in nose-printing?

Back 10

Nasolabial plate

Front 11

What is the median fissure/groove called in the upper lip of the sheep/goat?

Back 11

Philtrum

Front 12

What bone in the upper lip of the pig is powerful and sensitive (used for rooting)?

Back 12

Os rostri (rostral bone)

Front 13

What space in the upper lip allows the canine tooth to project out in the pig?

Back 13

Ventrolateral notch

permanent notch in the upper lip of the pig, which the canine tooth projects out of

Front 14

What type of epithelium is in the oral mucosa of the ruminant and pig?

Back 14

Thick, stratified squamous epithelium (heavy stratum corneum)

Front 15

Which animals have well developed backwards facing papillae, particularly in the region of the commissures of the mouth?

Back 15

Ruminants - have backward facing papillae

Front 16

How many upper incisor or canine teeth are there in the ruminant?

Back 16

None, replaced by the dental pad

Front 17

What is the dental formula of the ruminant?

Back 17

I 0/3, C 0/1, P 3/3, M 3/3 (X2) = 32

Front 18

Which teeth are brachydont in the ruminant?

Back 18

Incisor and canine

Front 19

What type of tooth is the corner incisor in the ruminant?

Back 19

Canine tooth

Front 20

Which cheek tooth is considered to be lost?

Back 20

P1

Front 21

What deep groove in the tongue separates the rostral half from the torus lingue?

Back 21

Fossa lingue

Front 22

Do small ruminants have a facial a.? what else they got?

Back 22

No. The job is done by transverse facial a.

Front 23

What type of teeth are all pig teeth?

Back 23

Brachydont

Front 24

Where does the sublingual a. branch off of in the caprine and sheep?

Back 24

Sublingual a. is branch from the lingual a., as in the bovine.

Front 25

What is the dental formula for a pig?

Back 25

I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 3/3 (X2) = 44

Front 26

How can damage to the female pigs mammary gland be prevented after she gives birth?

Back 26

Remove needle teeth of new-borns

Front 27

What type of papillae are located in the rostral portion of the ruminant tongue and form the lingual rasp?

Back 27

Filiform papillae

Front 28

What type of papillae are present in the new-born piglet tongue up to 18 days of age?

Back 28

Marginal papillae (lacelike frills)

Front 29

How much saliva can cattle produce a day?

Back 29

30 - 50 liters a day

Front 30

What salivary glands supply saliva to the mouth of the ruminant?

Back 30

Buccal glands
Parotid glands
Sublingual glands

Front 31

What is unique to the basihyoid bone in ruminants?

Back 31

Basihyoid bone has a knob-shaped lingual process

Front 32

What two things may cause problems during intubation in pigs?

Back 32

Pharyngeal diverticulum
Lateral ventricles

Front 33

What lymph node is always single and large in the ruminant head? (check this)

Back 33

parotid ln.

lateral retropharygeal lymph node would be also, but not sure that considered inside head

Front 34

What lymph node is usually two, but may be single in ruminants; several in pig?

Back 34

Mandibular lymph node

Front 35

What lymph node can cause respiratory embarrassment (dypsnea), and problematic deglutition (dysphagia) when enlarged in ruminants?

Back 35

Medial retropharyngeal lymph node

Front 36

What lymph node is considered the master lymph node of the head in Ruminants? Pig?

Back 36

Ruminants - Lateral retropharyngeal lymph node
Pig - Medial retropharyngeal lymph node

Front 37

The efferents of the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node form what?

Back 37

Tracheal duct

Front 38

Does the pig have a tapetum lucidum?

Back 38

No

Front 39

What are the five possible nerves that can innervate the horn of the cow?

Which nerve is deepest and not accessible - cannot be blocked?

Back 39

1. Cornual nerve - Terminal division of the zygomaticotemporal n. (ophthalmic V or maxillary V --- controversy); main nerve of horn
2. Cornual branch of infraTrochlear nerve
3. Frontal nerve - a branch of the ophthalmic (V) n.
4. Cutaneous branches of C1 and C2
5. Nerve of the frontal sinus - deep (about 5% of cattle)

Front 40

What is a cornual nerve block in the ox? Where is it performed?

Back 40

The cornual nerve block is used in dehorning to block innervation to the bovine horn.

Cornual nerve is blocked midway between the lateral canthus of the eye and the base of the horn just ventral to the temporal line

Front 41

What three nerves innervate the horn of the goat?

Back 41

Cornual nerve
Cornual branch of infraorbital nerve
Great auricular nerve – From C2 spinal nerve.

Front 42

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the bovine horn?

What is this nerve a branch of?

Back 42

The cornual n

Branch of the zygomaticotemporal n. of ophthalmic division of trigeminal n.

Front 43

What is the innervation of the caprine horn? What is the blocking procedure necessary to dehorn goats?

Back 43

Cornual nerve
Branch of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
Blocked midway between the lateral canthus of the eye and base of the horn

Infratrochlear nerve
Branch of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
Blocked midway between the medial canthus of the eye and base of the horn

Front 44

In the ruminant, what is sublingual a. a branch off of?

Back 44

Sublingual a. (9) comes off of Lingual a. (8), not Facial a (6), as it is in the dog and horse.

Front 45

In the OX, what structures course together along the ventral border of the mandible?

Back 45

In the ox, the facial artery, facial vein, parotid duct and ventral buccal branch of facial nerve course together along the ventral border of the mandible

NO facial artery in small ruminant!

Front 46

In the small ruminant, what structures course along the ventral border of the mandible?

Back 46

In the small ruminant, the facial vein courses along the ventral border of the mandible
The parotid duct and ventral buccal branch are variable in position

Front 47

In the horse, pig and ruminants, the upper and lower arcades do not align, otherwise known as?

Back 47

Anisognathic

Front 48

Which teeth of the pig are brachydont?

Back 48

Incisor and canine.
(premolars and molars are hypsodont)

Front 49

What lymph nodes are responsible for superficial drainage of the head?

Back 49

Parotid
Mandibular

Front 50

What two features might you catch during tracheal intubation of a pig?

Back 50

Pharyngeal diverticulum
Lateral ventricles

Front 51

To what does the parotid lymph node drain into?

Back 51

Retropharyngeal lymphocenter

Front 52

What does the mandibular lymph node drain into?

Back 52

Retropharyngeal lymphocenter
(+/- deep cervical lymph node)

Front 53

Do ruminants have lateral laryngeal ventricles?

Back 53

No

Front 54

An important distnguishing
feature between head of the goat and the sheep is:

BE SPECIFIC WHICH ANIMALS HAVE WHAT.

Back 54

an infraorbital cutaneous sinus in SHEEP (as well as inguinal sinus and interdigital sinus)

Front 55

Snout of the pig is supported by what bone?

Back 55

os rostri

Front 56

Dental formula of the pig:

Back 56

full complement 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 3/3) = 44

Front 57

Which porcine ear vein is used for small amounts of blood?

Back 57

Lateral auricular vein

Front 58

What is the largest nasal meatus in the bovine?

Back 58

The ventral meatus

Front 59

Which bovine nasal meatus opens into the nasomaxillary opening (maxillary sinus)?

Back 59

The middle nasal meatus

Front 60

What divides the middle nasal meatus in the ruminant? What does it divide into?

Back 60

Divided into dorsal and ventral passages caudally by the middle nasal concha

Front 61

What are the interesting feature of the ruminant cheek?

Back 61

Conical buccal papillae. They are mechanical, not sensory.

Front 62

T/F ruminant canines and incisors are movable.

Back 62

True - this is thought to be a way to protect the dental pad from getting hit in the same spot every time.

Front 63

What subgroups of sublingual salivary gland do the bovine have?

Where do they drain?

Back 63

Monostomatic portion is located ventral to the rostral half of the polystomatic portion
Drains at sublingual caruncle

Polystomatic portion drains directly into floor of mouth on the sublingual fold

Front 64

what salivary glands drain at the sublingual caruncle in the bovine?

Back 64

Mandibular and monostomatic sublingual salivary glands.