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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ANATOMY
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-Study of structure
-"Ana"-up/away -"Tome"-cutting -Greek word |
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PHYSIOLOGY
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Study of function
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MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
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-Limit of naked eye= 100 Mm
-Light microscope=0.2 Mm -Electron microscopy=100 Mm |
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MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY
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-Large scale; see with naked eye
-Approach by system, region -Pathology:when things go wrong |
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INVASIVE
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-Dissection
-Penetrate body;incision, thru body openings -Endoscopy: small camera, incision |
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MICROSCOPY
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Tissues removed, processed, examined
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NON-INVASIVE
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Virtual imaging- little harm/low risk
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RADIATION/RADIOGRAPHY
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-Oldest, most used (X-rays)
-Good for dense bone structures (teeth, bones) or air-filled spaces (lungs) -2D view |
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SONOGRAPHY/ULTRASOUND
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-Sound waves
-Safe, inexpensive, portable -Obstetrics, echocardiogram, soft tissues |
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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
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-CT Scan, CAT scan
-Detailed X-rays, 2D -Continuous imaging scan-3D images -Ok for soft tissues, tumors, hemorrhages, etc |
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
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-MRI
-Strong magnetic field & radio waves (atoms in body shift) -No radiation but may include injected dyes -Claustrophobia issue |
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POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
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-PET
-Ingest/inject radioactive substance, observe metabolic activity |
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PHYLUM
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-Chordata
-Notochord:flexible rod of tissue ('tail' in fetuses) -Dorsal hollow nerve cord-spinal cord -Pharyngeal (throat) pouches |
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SUBPHYLUM
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-Vertebrata
-Vertebral column (bones) |
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CLASS
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-Mammalia
-Hair -Mammary glands -Convoluted cerebrum (associated with higher intelligence) |
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ORDER
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-Primates
-Prehensile (grabbing) hands -Large, well-developed brains -Nails (not claws) -Forward facing eyes |
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FAMILY
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-Hominidae
-Large cerebrum -Bipedalism (2-footed, walking upright) -Complex speech, sophisticated tool-making |
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GENUS
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-Homo
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SPECIES
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-sapiens
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CELL
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-Basic structural & functional unit of life; humans have 75 trillion cells
-Cytology: study of cells |
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CELL DIVERSITY
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-200 different types in human body
-Wide variety size/shape/function/content -Size range from 1Mm to 1m long |
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TISSUE
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-Layers/groups of cells performing a specific function
-4 basic types:epithelial, connective,muscle,nervous -Histology:study of tissues |
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ORGAN
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-Aggregate of 2+ tissue types performing a specific function
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SYSTEM
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-Aggregate of 2+ organs performing a specific function
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ORGANISM
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-Made up of systems
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HISTOLOGY
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-Study of tissues
-Made of cells + matrix they produce |
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MATRIX
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-Non-living, intercellular, secreted by cells
-H20,proteins,macromolecules -Can be liquid(blood plasma),semi-solid(cartilage), solid(bone),fibrous(tendons,ligaments) -Amount varies with tissue type |
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4 CATEGORIES OF TISSUES
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-Epithelial
-Connective -Muscle -Nervous |
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EPITHELIAL TISSUE
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-Cover surfaces
-Line cavities/ducts, glands -Mostly cells, very little matrix |
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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-Binds
-Supports -Protects -Lots of matrix, few cells -Bone, fat, cartilage |
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MUSCLE TISSUE
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Contract ---> movement
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NERVOUS TISSUE
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-Initiates and conducts electrical impulses
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DIFFERENTIATION (process)
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-Specialization of cells
-Genetic control -Once happens, cell (usually) cannot divide or change |
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STEM CELLS
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-Cells not yet completely differentiated
-Can divide and become any type of cell |
