Anatomy For The Step

Front 1

Week 2 following fertilization

Back 1

completion of implantation
bilaminar disc (epiblast and hypoblast)
amniotic cavity
yolk sac

Front 2

Week 3 following fertilization

Back 2

Trilaminar disc
notochord
neural tube
somite formation
blood and blood vessels

Front 3

critical period for malformation

Back 3

3-4 weeks

Front 4

Neural Crest derivatives

Back 4

sensory ganglia, autonomic ganglia, Schwann cells, chromaffin cells (medulla), melanocytes, branchial arch cartilage and mesenchyme

Front 5

Ectoderm derivatives

Back 5

CNS, PNS, Neural crest, Epidermis, hair, nails, Pituitary, Tooth enamel, Inner ear, Lens

Front 6

Endoderm derivatives

Back 6

Epithelium of digestive and respiratory tracts
Pharynx
Digestive tube
epithelium of Urinary bladder, urethra, prostate

Front 7

Mesoderm derivatives

Back 7

connective tissue
muscle
heart and vessels
spleen and adrenal cortex
gonads and most of GU
dermis of skin
dentine of tooth

Front 8

Neural tube wall - ventricular layer fate

Back 8

ependyma

Front 9

Neural tube wall - intermediate (mantle zone) fate

Back 9

gray matter

Front 10

Neural tube wall - marginal zone fate

Back 10

white matter

Front 11

Alar plate derivative

Back 11

dorsal horn of spinal cord, colliculi, and cerebellum
(sensory)

Front 12

Basal plate derivatives

Back 12

ventral horn of spinal cord
motor nuclei

Front 13

fate of myelencephalon

Back 13

medulla oblongata

Front 14

fate of metencephalon

Back 14

pons and cerebellum

Front 15

fate of mesencephalon

Back 15

midbrain

Front 16

fate of diencephalon

Back 16

thalamus, and hypothalamus

Front 17

fate of telencephalon

Back 17

cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia

Front 18

neurohypophysis derived from

Back 18

neuroectoderm of diencephalon

Front 19

adenohypophysis derived from

Back 19

oral ectoderm of stomodeum

Front 20

inner layer of optic cup becomes

Back 20

neural retina

Front 21

outer layer of optic cup becomes

Back 21

pigment epithelium

Front 22

lens develops from

Back 22

lens vesicle (surface ectoderm)

Front 23

choroid and sclera develop from

Back 23

surrounding Mesoderm

Front 24

critical period for eye development

Back 24

22-50 days

Front 25

coloboma

Back 25

congenital hole in part of the eye usually the iris

Front 26

first (mandibular) arch derivatives

Back 26

Cartilage - incus and malleus

Muscles - muscles of masstication, ant. belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

Nerve - trigeminal

Artery- maxillary

Front 27

second (hyoid) arch derivatives

Back 27

cartilage - stapes, styloid process, parts of hyoid

muscles - facial expression, stylohyoid, post. belly of digastric, stapedius

nerve - facial

Front 28

thrid arch derivatives

Back 28

cartilage - body and greatercornu of hyoid bone

muscle - stylopharyngeus

nerve - glossopharyngeal

artery - common carotid and internal carotid

Front 29

fourth arch derivatives

Back 29

cartilage - laryngeal cartilages

muscles - pharyngeal (except stylopharyngeus) palatal except tensor veli palatini, cricothyroid

artery - left side: aortic arch
right side: subclavianartery

Front 30

sixth arch derivatives

Back 30

muscles - laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

nerve - recurrent branch of vagus

artery - left: ductus arteriosus
right: right pulmonary artery

Front 31

pharyngeal pouch derivatives:

Back 31

1 - auditory tube, mastoid antrum, part of tympanic membrane
2 - epithelium of palatine tonsil
3 - inferior parathyroid and thymus
4 - superior parathyroids

Front 32

pharyngeal groove derivatives:

Back 32

1 - external acoustic meatus, part of tympanic membrane
2,3, and 4 - cervical sinus

Front 33

formation of the diaphragm

Back 33

septum transversum - central tendon
dorsal mesentery of the esophagus - crura
pleuroperitoneal membrane
body wall

Front 34

innervation of the diaphragm

Back 34

C3, 4, 5 by phrenic nerve

Front 35

pleuropericardial membrane becomes

Back 35

the fibrous pericardium

Front 36

foregut derivatives

Back 36

pharynx, lower respiratory tract, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to major duodenal papilla, liver, pancreas, biliary apparatus

Ciliac trunk

Malformations: TE fistula, esophageal atresia, annular pancreas

Front 37

midgut derivatives

Back 37

duodenum distal to major duodenal papilla to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

artery = SMA

rotates 270 degrees

Congenital malformations: Meckel's, omphalocele, intestinal stenosis and atresia

Front 38

hindgut derivatives

Back 38

distal 1/3 of transverse colon ti superior anal canal, epithelium of urinary bladder

blood by IMA

Congenital malformations: Hirschprung's and imperforate anus

Front 39

fate of truncus arteriosus

Back 39

ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk

Front 40

fate of bulbus cordis

Back 40

conus arteriosus
aortic vestibule
trabeculated part of rigth ventricle

Front 41

fate of sinus venosus

Back 41

sinus venarum of right atrium (smooth part)
coronary sinus

Front 42

ligamentum teres hepatis progenitor

Back 42

umbilical vein

Front 43

ligamentum venosum progenitor

Back 43

ductus venosus

Front 44

ligamentum arteriosum progenitor

Back 44

ductus arteriosus

Front 45

medial umbilical ligament progenitor

Back 45

umbilical arteries

Front 46

adult derivatives of ureteric bud

Back 46

ureter
renal pelvis
major and minor calyces
collecting tubules

Front 47

adult derivatives of metanephric mass

Back 47

Bowman's capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convulted tubule

Front 48

adult derivatives of urogenital sinus

Back 48

epithelium of bladder
epithelium of urethra

Front 49

congenital malformations of the kidney

Back 49

horseshoe, pancake, ectopic, agenesis, ectopic ureter, bifid ureter, urachal cyst and fistula

Front 50

fracture at the surgical neck of the humerus

Back 50

axillary nerve

Front 51

Most fractured bone in the hand

Back 51

scaphoid

Front 52

fracture at the distal end of the humerus

Back 52

median nerve

Front 53

fracture at the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Back 53

ulnar nerve

Front 54

When axillary artery is ligated what provides collateral flow?

Back 54

Suprascapular artery to the subscapular artery

Front 55

Anterior compartment of the arm

Back 55

innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

flex at the elbow and shoulder
biceps also supinates the forearm

Front 56

Posterior compartment of the arm

Back 56

innervated by the radial nerve
extension at the elbow.
triceps also extends the shoulder

Front 57

Anterior compartment of the forearm

Back 57

innervated by the median nerve (except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus.

arise from the medial epicondyle

flew the wrist or pronate the forearm

Front 58

Posterior compartment of the forearm

Back 58

innervated by the radial nerve

arise from the lateral epicondyle and extend the wrist or supinate the forearm

Front 59

main stabilizing force of the acromiioclavicular joint

Back 59

coracoclavicular ligament

Front 60

force at the wrist is transmitted to the radius

Back 60

radius

Front 61

force at the elbow is transmitted from the

Back 61

ulnar bone to the humerus

Front 62

Nursemaid's elbow

Back 62

pull head of the radius of the annular ligament

Front 63

The first two wrist bones to ossify are the

Back 63

capitate and the hamate

Front 64

Most frequently dislocated bone of the wrist

Back 64

lunate

Front 65

Injury of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus

Back 65

Erb-Duchennepalsy, waiter's tip. medial rotation and wrist pronated

Front 66

Spiral fracture of the humerus

Back 66

radial nerve damaged

wrist drop

Front 67

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 67

inflammation under the flexor retinaculum

Front 68

Anterior compartment of the thigh

Back 68

extensors of the knee

femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Front 69

Adductor compartment of the thigh

Back 69

obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Front 70

Hamstring compartment of the thigh

Back 70

flexors of the knee and extensors of the hip

tibial nerve

Front 71

Anterior crural compartment of the leg

Back 71

dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Front 72

Lateral crural compartment of the leg

Back 72

evert the foot

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

Front 73

Posterior crural compartment of the leg

Back 73

plantar flex the foot and flex the toes

tibial nerve

Front 74

Dorsum of the foot

Back 74

extensor digitorum brevis

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Front 75

Sole of the foot

Back 75

lateral plantar nerve

medial plantar nerve - abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, and first lumbrical

Front 76

Importance of the retinacular artery

Back 76

blood supply of the head of the femur

Front 77

The most imporatant muscle in stabilization of the knee joint

Back 77

Quadriceps femoris

Front 78

Unhappy triad

Back 78

tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and ACL

Front 79

Hip pain is referred to the

Back 79

knee

Front 80

The main support for the medial longitudianal arch and the most important ligament in the foot is the

Back 80

calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

Front 81

Injury to the superior gluteal nerve

Back 81

positive trendelenburg test
gluteus minimus
tilts to the unsupported side

Front 82

Injury of the inferior gluteal nerve

Back 82

gluteus maximus not working

extension of hip not working
hard to rise from seated or climbing stairs

Front 83

Injury of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Back 83

injured by fracture of the neck of the fibula

no dorsiflexion or eversion

Foot Drop

Front 84

Sensory of the cornea

Back 84

Trigeminal nerve

Front 85

Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

Back 85

proprioception of mastication

Front 86

Geniculate ganglion

Back 86

afferent fibers for taste on ant. 2/3 of tongue

Front 87

Superior salivary nucleus

Back 87

preganglionic to pterygopalatine (tears from lacrimal gland) and submandibular gangliion (secretion from submandibular and sublingual salivary glands)

Front 88

Course of the facial nerve

Back 88

- enters internal acoustic meatus with CN VIII
- at geniculate ganglion gives off great petrosal nerve
- passes through medial and posterior walls of tympanic cavity
- gives of nerve to stapedius and the chorda tympani
- leaves skull through the stylomastiod foramen
- enters the parotid (but does not innervate the parotid)
- branches to muscles of mastication

Front 89

recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all muscles of the larynx except the

Back 89

cricothyroid

Front 90

Nerves from the superior cervical ganglion innervate the

Back 90

superior tarsal muscle
dilator pupillae muscle
smooth muscle in vessel walls
sweat glands of the face

Front 91

Ciliary ganglion

Back 91

CN III

cilary muscle
sphoincter pupillae

Front 92

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Back 92

CN VII

lacrimal gland
nasal and palatine glands

Front 93

submandibular ganglion

Back 93

CN VII
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

Front 94

otic ganglion

Back 94

CN IX

parotid gland

Front 95

Terminal ganglion

Back 95

CN X

glands and smooth muscle in viscera down to splenic flexure

Front 96

Terminal ganglion in sacrum

Back 96

S2, 3, 4

Glands and smooth muscle in pelvic viscera

Front 97

aqueous humor is jsecreted into the (where in the eye)

Back 97

posterior chamber

behind iris, in front of the lens

Front 98

Corneal blink reflex

Back 98

aff. through ophthalmic division of V
Eff from facial nerve to orbicularis oculi

Front 99

Lacrimal apparatus

Back 99

gland, to duct, to puncta, to canalicuslus, to sac

drains into inferior meatus

Front 100

middle ear innervated by

Back 100

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 101

Medial to the tympanic cavity

Back 101

lateral semicircular canal, facial nerve, vestibule, cochlea

Front 102

Lateral to the tympanic cavity

Back 102

external acoustic meatus

Front 103

Anterior to the tympanic cavity

Back 103

internatl carotid artery, auditory tube

Front 104

Posterior to the tympanic cavity

Back 104

mastoid air cells

Front 105

Superior to the tympanic cavity

Back 105

middle cranial fossa with temporal lobe

Front 106

Inferior to the tympanic cavity

Back 106

internal jugular vein

Front 107

Bony labyrinth of the internal ear

Back 107

cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals

Front 108

Membranous labyrinth of the internal ear

Back 108

Cochlear duct
Utricle and saccule
Semicircular ducts

Front 109

afferent fibers from nerve cells in vestibular ganglion

Back 109

travel in VII
end on hair cells in the maculae of the utricle and the saccule and in the cristae of the ampullae of the semicircular ducts
synpase in the vestibular nuclei and in the cerebellum

Front 110

Afferent fibers in the spiral ganglion

Back 110

travel in CN VIII
end on hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

synapse in the cochlear nuclei

Front 111

Arterial supply of the nasal septum

Back 111

sphenopalatine from the maxillary artery

Kiesselbach's plexus

Front 112

Middle meatus

Back 112

most important

maxiallary and frontal sinuses drain here
anterior ehtmoid air cells drain here

Front 113

Inferior meatus

Back 113

opening of the nasolacrimal duct

Front 114

Superior meatus

Back 114

opening for posterior ethmoid air cells

Front 115

Frontal and sphenoid sinuses can be seen on CT when?

Back 115

after birth, they develop later than the maxillary and ethmoids

Front 116

Synovial joints of the larynx

Back 116

cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid

Front 117

posterior cricoarytenoid muscles...

Back 117

abduct the vocal cords

open the airway so you can breathe

Front 118

Superior laryngeal nerve

Back 118

supplies cricothyroid muscle which tenses vocal cords

mucosa above the cords

Front 119

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Back 119

supplies mucosa below the vocal vords

Front 120

Lymph in the vocal cord

Back 120

no lymphatics in cords

upper part drains to deep cervical nodes

lower part drains to lower deep cervical nodes

Front 121

genioglossus acts to

Back 121

protrude the tongue

Front 122

styloglossus acts to

Back 122

retract the tongue

Front 123

general sensation on the ant. 2/3 of tongue by

Back 123

lingual nerve from mandibular division of trigeminal

Front 124

general sensation on the post. 1/3 of tongue by

Back 124

glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 125

taste sensation on the ant. 2/3 of tongue by

Back 125

facial nerve by way of the geniculate ganglion and the chorda tympani

Front 126

taste sensation on the post. 1/3 of tongue by

Back 126

glossopharyngeal nerve
circumvalate papilla

Front 127

layers of the scalp

Back 127

1)skin
2)superficial fascia
3)galea aponeurotica
4)loose CT (danger space)
5)pericranium

Front 128

Cavernous sinus contains

Back 128

1) internal carotid artery
2) oculomotor nerve
3) trochlear nerve
4) opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
5) abducens nerve

Front 129

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Back 129

CN I

Front 130

Optic canal

Back 130

CN II and opthalmic artery

Front 131

Superior orbital fissure

Back 131

CN III, IV, V (opthalmic), and VI and superior opthalmic vein

Front 132

Foramen rotundum

Back 132

maxillary divsion of trigeminal

Front 133

Foramen ovale

Back 133

mandibular division of trigeminal

Front 134

Internal acoustic meatus

Back 134

CN VII, VIII, and labyrinthe artery

Front 135

Jugular foramen

Back 135

CN IX, X, and XI, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus

Front 136

Hypoglossal canal

Back 136

XII

Front 137

Foramen magnum

Back 137

CNS, vertebral arteries, XI, meninges, CSF

Front 138

Deep and superficial nodes drain into

Back 138

thoracic duct on the left, right lymphatic duct on the right

Front 139

Where is the caudal end of the adult spinal cord with respect to the vertebral columns

Back 139

L1 - L2

Front 140

Manubriosteranl junction as a landmark for:

Back 140

bifurcation of the trachea
boundary between superior and inferior mediastinum
beginning and ending of the aortic arch

Front 141

serratus anterior innervated by

Back 141

long thoracic nerve
damage causes winged scapula

Front 142

Branches of the right coronary artery:

Back 142

SA nodal artery
marginal artery
AV nodal artery
posterior interventricular artery

Front 143

Where do you put a needle to remove fluid in a cardiac tamponade

Back 143

left xiphisternal notch

Front 144

hilums of the lungs

Back 144

pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins - most anterior and inferior
bronchus - most posterior

Front 145

pulmonary ligament

Back 145

pleural fold extending downward from the hilum

Front 146

Middle Mediastinum

Back 146

fibrous pericardium

phrenic nerve and vessels accompanying it

Front 147

Posterior mediastinum

Back 147

esophagus, descending aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein

Front 148

Esophagus natural constriction points

Back 148

cricoid cartilage
arch of the aorta
bifurcation of the trachea
daiphragm

found in the superior and posterior mediastinum

Front 149

azygos vein

Back 149

drains body wall from intercostal veins from right and hemiazygos from left

Front 150

thoracic duct

Back 150

between azygos and aorta and passes to the left of the aortic arch

Front 151

cardiac plexus

Back 151

vagal efferents

Front 152

esophageal plexus

Back 152

preganglionic parasympathetics (vagal)
postganglionic sympathetics
afferent fibers

Front 153

dermatome of the nipple

Back 153

T4

Front 154

dermatome of the umbilicus

Back 154

T10

Front 155

dermatome of the pubis

Back 155

L1

Front 156

arcuate line

Back 156

inferior limit of the posterior wall of the rectus sheath

Front 157

transversalis fascia
aka diaphragmatic fascia
aka iliac fascia
aka psoas fascia
aka pelvic fascia

Back 157

directly behind the rectus sheath beneath the arcuate line

Front 158

transverse incisions in the abdomen

Back 158

parallel the nerves and are advisable

Front 159

vertical incisions in the midline of the abdomen

Back 159

do little damage to nerves or muscle
pararectal are transverse incisions that damage nerves

Front 160

direct inguinal hernia

Back 160

medial to the inferior epigastric artery

through the Hasselbach's triangle

Front 161

indirect inguinal hernia

Back 161

lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

covered by the tunica vaginalis

Front 162

scrotum lymph drains to

Back 162

inguinal nodes

Front 163

testis lymph drains to the

Back 163

lumbar nodes

Front 164

how the two omental sacs communicate

Back 164

throught the epoiploic foramen of Winslow

- bounded inferiorly by hepatoduodenal ligament, the structures it contains (liver and 1st part of duodenum), and the inferior vena cava

Front 165

remnants of the dorsal mesentery

Back 165

greater omentum, gastrosplenic ligament, lienorenal ligament

Front 166

remenants of the ventral mesentery

Back 166

lesser omentum (hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament), and the falciform ligament

Front 167

retroperitoneal organs

Back 167

ascending colon, descending colon, 2nd and 3rd and 4th parts of duodenum

Front 168

dorsal mesentery

Back 168

jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon

Front 169

Distinguishing features of large intestine

Back 169

tenia coli, haustra coli, appendices epiploicae, and plicae semilunares

Front 170

Distinguishing features of small intestine

Back 170

villi and plicae circulares

Front 171

jejunum vs. ileum

Back 171

jejunum has a larger diameter, a thicker wall, more prominent plicae

Front 172

meckel's diverticulum a remnany of

Back 172

the vitelline duct
(duct to the yolk sac)

Front 173

meckel's rule of 2

Back 173

in about 2%, within 2 ft of ileocecal valve, 2 inches long, 2 types of tissue,

Front 174

rotation of the gut

Back 174

270 around the SMA

Front 175

Major sites of anastamosis of the arteries of the gut

Back 175

left and right gastric arteries
left and right gastroepiploic arteries

pancreticoduodenal arteries

left colic flexure by the marginal artery

Front 176

Collateral circulation of an obstructed IVC

Back 176

thoracoepigastric veins, vertebral venous plexues, ascending lumbar vein

Front 177

Gonadal vein

Back 177

left gonadal drains into left renal vein; right gonadal vein to IVC

Front 178

I 8 ten Eggs At 12

Back 178

IVC and phrenic - T8
Esophagus and vagal n. - T10
Aorta - T12

Front 179

Gerota's fascia or capsule

Back 179

surrounds the kidney

Front 180

Bladder innervation

Back 180

from S2, 3, and 4
postganglionic efferents in bladder wall

Front 181

female ureter

Back 181

water runs under the bridge

uterine artery goes over ureter and enters cervix at level of the external os

Front 182

Uterus is normally positioned

Back 182

anteverted and anteflexed

Front 183

Broad ligament

Back 183

mesometrium
mesovarium
mesosalpinx

lymphatic drainage of the uterus

Front 184

Transection of the spongy urethra, urine is confined to

Back 184

Colle's fascia in the perineum and Scarpa's fascia in the lower anterior abdominal wall

Front 185

Seminal vesicle

Back 185

not a storage site

unites with ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct

Front 186

Ischiorectal fossa

Back 186

Medial - levator ani
lateral - obturator internus
Pudendal canal contains: internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve in fascia of obturator internus
Anterior recess: superior to urogenital diaphragm