Anatomy Exam 3 Teeth, Feeding, Digestion

Front 1

what are teeth capped with

Back 1

enamel

Front 2

where are teeth thought to have originated from

Back 2

the bony armour of primitive fish

Front 3

teeth are unique to

Back 3

vertebrates, invertebrates do not have teeth

Front 4

enamel

Back 4

hardest substance in the body
enamel laid down just once in a lifetime

Front 5

dentin

Back 5

resembles bone but is harder
forms wall of pulp cavity
dentin laid down slowly throughout the life of an individual

Front 6

cementum

Back 6

rests upon dentin

Front 7

odontoblast bodies

Back 7

lay down the component parts of dentin

Front 8

PDL

Back 8

periodental ligament is a thick bundle of collagenous fibers that connects the cementum
covered root to the bone of the socket

Front 9

thecodont teeth

Back 9

teeth in sockets
like in alligators and humans

Front 10

acrodont teeth

Back 10

attach on the occlusal surface of bones
snakes

Front 11

pleurodont teeth

Back 11

attach to the side
lizard

Front 12

polyphyodont

Back 12

continuous replacement of teeth

Front 13

diphyodont

Back 13

only 2 generations of teeth
mammals

Front 14

mammals have 4 basic types of teeth

Back 14

canines
incissors
molars(cheek teeth)
premolars

Front 15

distinction between molars and premolars

Back 15

molars only have 1 generation and never shed

Front 16

homodont teeth

Back 16

all about the same size and shape

Front 17

heterodont teeth

Back 17

different sizes and shapes
mammals

Front 18

how do teeth develop

Back 18

interactions between the epidermis(ectoderm) and underlying dermis(mesoderm)
Part of the epidermis invaginates into the dermis to form an enamel organ whose cells produce enamel

Front 19

ameoblasts

Back 19

cells that produce enamel

Front 20

ruminants do not have

Back 20

upper incissors

Front 21

we see continuous replacement in herbivores

Back 21

because they have to chew their food more finely

Front 22

brachydont teeth

Back 22

relatively close to the gum line. These are found in animals that eat meat

Front 23

Hypsodont teeth

Back 23

teeth rise up relatively far up from the gum line. We see these in animals that chew plant material

Front 24

bunodont teeth

Back 24

in primates

Front 25

pedicillate teeth

Back 25

synapomorphies of living amphibians
consist of a tooth crown and base both composed of dentine separated by a layer of uncalcified dentine

Front 26

walrus tusks develop from

Back 26

canines

Front 27

narwhal tusks develop from

Back 27

upper left incissors

Front 28

sectorial(scissors like teeth)

Back 28

teeth are seen in tarsiers, whereas porpoises have peg-like teeth. Teeth are absent in adult anteaters and baleen whales.

Front 29

dermal papilla eventually becomes the

Back 29

pulp

Front 30

beavers

Back 30

grow teeth continously

Front 31

elephants

Back 31

replace teeth continously

Front 32

labryrinthodont teeth

Back 32

In fossil crossopterygian fishes and in the earliest fossil tetrapods, the enamel and dentine was highly infolded into complicated patterns

Front 33

Moray eel have

Back 33

second set of teeth called pharyngeal teeth

Front 34

Herbivores have a longer intestine because

Back 34

the nature of plant material is not as nutritious from a protein type stand point, so since it needs to be large and thin

Front 35

allantosis

Back 35

connects embryonic yolk

Front 36

embryonic digestive system forms from

Back 36

ectodermal and endodermal tissues

Front 37

palates are only in

Back 37

tetrapods

Front 38

compare large intestine to small intestine

Back 38

large intestine, like the small intestine, contains intestinal glands (producing secretions to aid in digesting food), but the large intestines do not have villi

Front 39

Fundus

Back 39

area of stomach located above entrance of the stomach

Front 40

lactiles absorb

Back 40

long chain fatty acids

Front 41

villi project

Back 41

above the level of the mucousal wall

Front 42

intestinal glands are

Back 42

sunken in the mucosal wall

Front 43

spiral valves

Back 43

increase the length of the route through the digestive tract

Front 44

Bolus

Back 44

bite of food

Front 45

when the spiral valve is absent, the intestine is

Back 45

often lengthened, like in the perch

Front 46

cecum

Back 46

is a place that can house microbes to assist in digestion. So we expect to the cecum be longer and more complex in herbivorous animals

Front 47

gizzard

Back 47

present in reptiles and some birds. Highly muscularized portion of the digestive system that enables them to break cell walls and also to grind their food material. A gizzard contains little stones and so the food goes into the gizzard and the stones work like a grinding surface to grind the food, since birds do not have teeth to chew up the teeth.

Front 48

gastroliths

Back 48

stones of the gizzard