Anatomy Exam 3

Front 1

skeletal system

Back 1

mainly connective tissue; bone and cartilage predominantly

Front 2

skeletal system functions

Back 2

support

protection

RBC production

Storage

movement

Front 3

osteiod

Back 3

organic materials

Front 4

axial skeleton

Back 4

skull

auditory ossicles

vertebral column

hyoid

thoracic cage

Front 5

appendicular skeleton

Back 5

upper limbs

pectoral girdle

lower limbs

pelvic girdle

Front 6

sesamoid bone

Back 6

bones that form within some tendons in response to strain

Front 7

sutural/wormian bones

Back 7

extra bones in the skull

Front 8

auditory ossicles

Back 8

6 bones

malleus(2)

incus(2)

stapes(2)

Front 9

articulated

Back 9

dried bones held together by wires and rods to show their spatial relationships to each other

Front 10

disarticulated

Back 10

bones taken apart so their surface features can be studied in more detail

Front 11

sutures

Back 11

immoveable, visible seams on the surface of the skull

Front 12

condyle (articulation)

Back 12

a rounded knob, that articulates with another bone

Front 13

facet (articulation)

Back 13

a smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface (of vertebrae)

Front 14

head (articulation)

Back 14

the prominent expanded end of a bone sometimes rounded; head of femur

Front 15

crest (extension/projection)

Back 15

a narrow ridge (iliac crest of pelvis)

Front 16

epicondyle (extension/projection)

Back 16

expanded region superior to a condyle

Front 17

line (extension/projection)

Back 17

a slightly raised, elongated ridge

Front 18

process (extension/projection)

Back 18

any bony prominence (mastoid process)

Front 19

protuberance (extension/projection)

Back 19

a bony outgrowth or protruding part

Front 20

spine (extension/projection)

Back 20

a sharp, slender, or narrow process

Front 21

trochanter (extension/projection)

Back 21

two massive processes unique to the femur

Front 22

tubercle (extension/projection)

Back 22

a small,rounded process

Front 23

tuberosity (extension/projection)

Back 23

a rough elevated surface

Front 24

Alveolus (depression)

Back 24

a pit or socket

Front 25

fovea (depression)

Back 25

a small pit

Front 26

fossa (depression)

Back 26

a shallow, broad, or elongated basin

Front 27

sulcus (depression)

Back 27

a groove for a tendon, nerve, blood vessel

Front 28

canal (passage/cavity)

Back 28

a tubular passage or tunnel in a bone

Front 29

fissure (passage/cavity)

Back 29

a slit through a bone

Front 30

meatus (passage/cavity)

Back 30

a canal

Front 31

sinus (passage/cavity)

Back 31

an air-filled space in a bone

Front 32

cranial bones

Back 32

those that enclose the brain; compose the cranium

Front 33

meninges

Back 33

three membranes that separate the bones

ex. dura mater

Front 34

dura mater

Back 34

thickest and toughest; lies loosely against the inside of the cranium in most places but is firmly attache to it at a few points

Front 35

calvaria

Back 35

skullcap; not a single bone but simply the dome of multiple bones of the top of the skull

Front 36

base

Back 36

floor; three paired depressions called cranial fossae

Front 37

anterior cranial fossa

Back 37

shallow; crescent-shaped; accommodates the frontal lobes

Front 38

middle cranial fossa

Back 38

deeper; shaped like a pair of outstretched bird's wings; accommodates temporal lobe

Front 39

posterior cranial fossa

Back 39

deepest; houses a large posterior division of the brain (cerebellum)

Front 40

frontal bone

Back 40

extends from forehead back to a prominent coronal suture

Front 41

coronal suture

Back 41

crosses crown of head from right to left and joins the frontal bone to parietal bone

Front 42

supraorbital margin

Back 42

ridge deep to the eyebrows

Front 43

supraorbital foramen

Back 43

perforates the margin; provides passage for a nerve, artery, and veins

Front 44

glabella

Back 44

smooth area of the frontal bone just above the root of the nose

Front 45

supraorbital notch

Back 45

foramen breaks through margin forming a notch

Front 46

dipole

Back 46

the layer of spongy bone in the middle of the cranial bone

Front 47

parietal bone

Back 47

form most of cranial roof and part of its walls

Front 48

sagittal suture

Back 48

between parietal bones (divides into left and right)

Front 49

coronal suture

Back 49

anterior margin; divide frontal and parietal

Front 50

lambdoid suture

Back 50

posterior suture; divide occipital and parietal

Front 51

squamous suture

Back 51

laterally; divide temporal and parietal

Front 52

foramen

Back 52

holes allow passage for nerves and blood vessels

Front 53

parietal foramen

Back 53

near corner of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

Front 54

temporal lines

Back 54

form an arc across the parietal and frontal lobes

Front 55

temporal bone

Back 55

forms lower wall and part of the floor of the cranial cavity; above/anterior to ear

Front 56

squamous part

Back 56

flat and vertical; zygomatic process and mandibular fossa found here

Front 57

zygomatic process

Back 57

extends anteriorly to form part of the zygomatic arch (cheekbone)

Front 58

mandibular fossa

Back 58

depression where the mandible articulates with the cranium

Front 59

tympanic part

Back 59

small ring of bone that borders the opening of the external acoustic meatus/styloid process

Front 60

external acoustic meatus

Back 60

ear canal

Front 61

styloid process

Back 61

pointed spine, inferior surface, provides attachment for muscles of tongue, pharynx, and hyoid bone

Front 62

mastoid part

Back 62

lies posterior to the tympanic par; mastoid process

Front 63

mastoid process

Back 63

prominent lump behind earlobe; filled with small air sinuses that communicate with the middle-ear cavity

Front 64

mastoid notch

Back 64

lies medial to mastoid process; origin of digastric muscle which opens mouth

Front 65

petrous part

Back 65

seen in cranial floor; separating the middle cranial fossa from posterior fossa; houses middle and inner ear cavities

Front 66

internal acoustic meatus

Back 66

opening on its posteromedial surface; allows passage of the vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 67

vestibulocochlear nerve

Back 67

carries signals for hearing and balance from the inner ear to the brain

Front 68

carotid canal

Back 68

a passage for the internal carotid artery; major blood supply to the brain

Front 69

jugular foramen

Back 69

a large, irregular opening just medial to the styloid process; b/w temporal and occipital bones; blood drains from brain through this into jugular vein; 3 cranial nerves pass through

Front 70

occipital bone

Back 70

forms the rear of the skull and much of the base

Front 71

basilar part

Back 71

thick median place of occipital bone

Front 72

hypoglossal canal

Back 72

anterolarteral edge of each condyle; hypoglossal nerve passes through to innervate the tongue

Front 73

condylar canal

Back 73

found posterior to each occipital condyle

Front 74

external occipital protuberance

Back 74

posterior medial bump; attachment for the nuchal ligament

Front 75

nuchal ligament

Back 75

binds the skull to the vertebral column

Front 76

superior nuchal line

Back 76

horizontally from this protuberance toward the mastoid process; defines superior of neck and provides attachment for many neck and back muscles; palpate

Front 77

inferior nuchal line

Back 77

provides attachment for some of the deep neck muscles; not palpate

Front 78

sphenoid bone

Back 78

has a complex shape with a thick median body and outstretched greater and lesser wings(give ragged mothlike shape)

Front 79

lesser wing

Back 79

posterior margin of the anterior cranial fossa and end at a sharp bony crest;form posterior wall of orbit and contains optic canal.

Front 80

greater wings

Back 80

form about half of the middle cranial fossa and part of lateral surface just anterior to temporal; perforated by foramina

Front 81

optic canal

Back 81

permits passage of the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Front 82

anterior clinoid processes

Back 82

superior spines of lesser wing; guards the optic foramina

Front 83

superior orbital fissure

Back 83

gash in posterior wall of orbit; lateral to the optic canal; angles upward; serves as a passage for three nerves that supply the muscles of eye movement

Front 84

sella turcia

Back 84

saddlelike surface; hypophyseal fossa, tuberculum sellae, and dorsum sellae

Front 85

hypophyseal fossa

Back 85

houses the pituitary gland

Front 86

tuberculum sellae

Back 86

raised anterior margin

Front 87

dorsum sellae

Back 87

posterior margin

Front 88

foramen rotundum/ovale

Back 88

passages for two branches of the trigeminal nerve

Front 89

foramen spinosum

Back 89

about the diameter of pencil lead; provides passage for an artery of the meninges

Front 90

foramen lacerum

Back 90

irregular gash; occurs at the junction of the sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones; filled with cartilage; no vessels

Front 91

posterior nasal apertures/choanae

Back 91

internal openings of the nasal cavity

Front 92

medial/lateral pterygoid plates

Back 92

lateral to each aperture; parallel plates, provide attachment for jaw muscles

Front 93

pterygoid process

Back 93

narrower inferior extension, provide attachment for jaw muscles

Front 94

ethmoid bone

Back 94

anterior cranial bone located b/w the eyes; medial wall of orbit; roof of nasal cavity and nasal septum; delicate

Front 95

perpendicular plate

Back 95

a thin median plate of a bone that forms the superior 2/3 of the nasal septum

Front 96

nasal fossae

Back 96

division of septum into right and left air spaces

Front 97

cribriform plate

Back 97

forms the roof of the nasal cavity

Front 98

crista galli

Back 98

median blade of cribriform plate

Front 99

cribriform/olfactory foramina

Back 99

located on each side of the crista; elongated depressed are perforated with numerous holes

Front 100

olfactory bulbs

Back 100

rests in the depressions of cribriform foramina, concerned with sense of smell

Front 101

foramina

Back 101

allows passage for olfactory nerves from the nasal cavity to the bulbs

Front 102

labyrinth

Back 102

a large mass on each side of the perpendicular plate

Front 103

ethmoidal cells

Back 103

a maze of air spaces in the labyrinth; contain ethmoid sinus

Front 104

orbital plate

Back 104

lateral surface of labyrinth and medial wall of orbit; smooth; slightly concave

Front 105

superior/middle nasal conchae

Back 105

2 curled, scroll-like plates of bone; project into nasal fossa from lateral wall toward septum

superior-smell

Front 106

nasal conchae function

Back 106

cleanse

humidify

warm

inhaled air before it reaches lungs

Front 107

bones of a child

Back 107

about 270