Anatomy Exam 2: Forearm

Front 1

What tendon that provides protection for the median nerve at the wrist is sometimes surgically removed for transplants?

Back 1

palmaris longus tendon

Front 2

All the muscles of the flexor (anterior) compartment of the forearm are innervated by the ___________ nerve except for which muscles?

Back 2

-median nerve
-ulnar nerve innervations: flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum profUndus (medial half of it)

Front 3

The muscles of the extensor (posterior) compartment of the arm and forearm are all innervated by what nerve?

Back 3

radial nerve
(has deep and superficial branches)

Front 4

Below the elbow, injury to the radial nerve (causes/will not cause) the characteristic ___________. Above the elbow, injury to the radial nerve (causes/will not cause) the characteristic ______________.

Back 4

above elbow-- causes wrist drop

below elbow--will not cause wrist drop

Front 5

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis cause...

Back 5

extension and aBduction of hand

Front 6

The radial nerve pierces the ____________ muscle and can become entrapped, causing _____________.

Back 6

supinator
(radial nerve becomes posterior interosseous after piercing supinator)

wrist drop

Front 7

What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Back 7

-supinator
-abductor pollicis longus
-extensor pollicis brevis
-extensor pollicis longus
-extensor indices

Front 8

Deep to the extensor retinaculum, you will find ____________________ for the long extensor tendons of the hand.

Back 8

six osseofibrous tunnels for

Front 9

What 2 muscles form the anterior boundary of the anatomical snuffbox?

Back 9

abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

Front 10

Tenderness to the "floor" of the anatomical snuffbox indicates what?

Back 10

scaphoid fracture

Front 11

A lesion in the ulnar nerve would cause

Back 11

hyperextension of MP joint and flexion of IP joint of digits 4-5, thumb adduction is lost; claw hand

Front 12

The anterior compartment of the forearm is innervated mostly by the ____________ nerve. What muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

Back 12

-median

-ulnar: flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar half)

Front 13

The anterior-interosseus branch of the median nerve innervates what 3 muscles?

Back 13

-flexor digitorum profundus (the other half)
-flexor pollicis longus
-pronator quadratus

(deep flexor muscles)

Front 14

A lesion of the median nerve causes what kind of deformity?

Back 14

ape hand, arms out laterally, palms down, slight finger flexion

Front 15

In cubital tunnel syndrome, what nerve may become entrapped in the cubital tunnel (area between humeral and ulnar heads of flexor carpi ulnaris)?

Back 15

ulnar nerve because it enters the forearm through the cubital tunnel

Front 16

In cubital tunnel syndrome the patient may experienced weakened wrist (flexion/extension) and (adduction/abduction), a weakened grip, tingling (paresthesia), and numbness in what part of the hand?

Back 16

weakened wrist flexion and adduction

numbness along medial side of hand and medial 1 1/2 fingers

Front 17

Tenosynovitis refers to what condition that results in loss of range of motion and may be accompanied with edema and pain, and may irritate or compress surrounding structures?

Back 17

inflammation of a synovial sheath

Front 18

Chronic inflammation of tendon and tendon sheath may result in what?
What medical treatments may make this more likely?

Back 18

tendon rupture

antibiotic and steroid treatments

Front 19

If inflammation results from infection, the infection may spread along the synovial sheath from where to where?

Back 19

from the little finger to the carpal tunnel at the wrist

Front 20

Entrapment of the anterior interosseous nerve (anterior interosseous syndrome) may result in what?

Back 20

results in weakened pronation w/ inability to flex the DIP joints of fingers 2 and 3 and the interphalangeal joint of the thumb

Front 21

The radial collateral ligament blends distally with what ligament?

Back 21

annular ligament of radius

Front 22

The subtendinous olecranon bursa is found

Back 22

between triceps tendon and olecranon of ulna

Front 23

The median nerve runs medial to what artery in the cubital fossa?

*median n could be in danger during blood extraction in the cubital fossa

Back 23

brachial artery

Front 24

Collateral circulation is important when elbow flexion, traumatic injury, or surgical ligation impedes blood flow where?

Back 24

through the terminal part of the brachial artery

Front 25

What determines where an artery that participates in collateral circulation around a joint can be ligated w/o risking loss of extremity due to ischemic necrosis of tissue?

Back 25

the branching point of the artery

Front 26

The proximal radioulnar joint is found encapsulated in the..

Back 26

annular ligament of the radius

Front 27

The proximal radioulnar joint is what kind of joint?

Back 27

synovial, pivot

Front 28

Loss of arterial supply to the flexor compartment of the forearm is one cause of what?

Back 28

compartment syndrome with Volkmann's ischemic contracture

Front 29

At the distal radioulnar joint, what kind of movement occurs?

Back 29

the ulnar notch of the radius rotates around the head of the ulna

Front 30

In the distal radioulnar joint, the ulna and radius are bound together by the..

Back 30

triangular ligament (a fibrocartilaginous articular disc)

Front 31

Would it be safe to ligate the brachial artery just proximal to the branching point of the profunda brachii?

Back 31

no, would cut off all collateral circulation and blood supply to distal forearm

Front 32

During pronation of the forearm, the (radius/ulna) overlies the (radius/ulna)?

Back 32

radius overlies ulna

Front 33

There are 27 bones in the hand
___ carpal
___ metacarpals
___ phalangeals

Back 33

8 carpal bones
5 metacarpals
14 phalangeals

Front 34

most of the long forearm muscles attach distally via tendons to what hand bones (carpals, metacarpals, or phalangeals)?

Back 34

phalangeals

Front 35

What are the superfical flexors (4) of the forearm (lateral--> medial)?

which one do some ppl not have?

Back 35

pronator teres--> flexor carpi radialis-->palmaris longus--> flexor carpi longus

40-50% ppl dont have palmaris longus

Front 36

What is the intermediate flexor of the forearm?
Branches extend to all digits except _________

Back 36

flexor digitorum

branches extend to all fingers but thumb

Front 37

what are the deep flexors of the forearm (3)?

Back 37

flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

Front 38

What is the action of the forearm flexors?

Back 38

movement of wrist, flexion of fingers, pronation

Front 39

what is the action of the forearm extensors?

Back 39

movement of wrist, extension of fingers, supination, paradoxical elbow flexion

Front 40

Which extensor muscles are involved in wrist movement (4)?

Back 40

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
anconeus

(all superficial extensors)

Front 41

Which extensors are involved in digit extension (except thumb) (3)?

Back 41

extensor digitorum
extensor indicis
extensor digiti minimi

(digitorum & digiti minimi are extensors)

Front 42

Which extensors are involved in thumb extension and abduction (3)?

Back 42

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus

(all are deep extensors)

Front 43

What muscle of the forearm is both an extensor and a flexor?

what nerve is it supplied by?

Back 43

brachioradialis

radial nerve

Front 44

The brachial artery divides into what 2 arteries at the cubital fossa?

Back 44

radial and ulnar artery

Front 45

the ulnar artery runs deep to what muscle?
what nerve runs medially along the ulnar artery

Back 45

flexor carpi ulnaris

ulnar nerve

Front 46

where can a pulse from the ulnar artery be felt?

Back 46

where the ulnar artery passes lateral to the pisiform bone

Front 47

the radial artery runs deep to what muscle?
where can its pulse be felt?

Back 47

brachioradialis

pulse usually taken proximal to wrist, lateral to flexor carpi radialis

Front 48

What nerve enters the carpal tunnel medial to the flexor carpi radialis tendon and posterior to palmaris longus tendon?

Back 48

median nerve

Front 49

what nerve emerges from the spiral tunnel and enters the cubital fossa?

Back 49

radial nerve

Front 50

The radial nerve divides into superficial and deep branches. The superficial branch runs deep to what muscle and then crosses into the snuff box?

Back 50

superficial branch deep to brachioradialis

Front 51

The deep branch of the radial nerve pierces what muscle and emerges into extensor compartment? what nerve does it become?

Back 51

pierces supinator

becomes posterior interosseous nerve

Front 52

The ulnar nerve passes behind the humeral epicondyle (cubital tunnel) and runs deep to what muscle?

Back 52

deep to flexor carpi ulnaris

Front 53

Describe the significant structures of the proximal radius

Back 53

radial head- articulates w/ capitulum of humerus & radial notch of ulna
neck-
radial tuberosity- attaches biceps brachii tendon

Front 54

describe the significant structures of the proximal ulna

Back 54

olecranon-
radial notch-
trochlear notch- articulates w/ trochlea of humerus
coronoid process-
ulnar tuberosity- attachment of brachialis muscle

Front 55

What is the carrying angle?
what is the typical angle range?

Back 55

angle btwn long axes of humerus and ulna in the extended supinated position (ulnar angle from vertical)
btwn 5-15%, can be larger for women bc of hips

Front 56

Transverse fracture at the distal humerus above the condyles (supracondylar fracture) may damage what nerve and artery?

Back 56

median nerve and brachial artery

Front 57

The median nerve exits the cubital fossa through the radial and ulnar heads of what muscle?
Can become entrapped

Back 57

pronator teres muscle

Front 58

A fibrous band may connect the supracondylar fossa (if present) to the medial epicondyle, creating a foramen for what nerve to pass through, leading to possible entrapment?

Back 58

median nerve