• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/46

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What type of curvature does the radius have from proximal to distal?
It has a gradual bend that is convex lateral, this must be restored when repairing radius fractures.
What is the bony process found proximally on the radius and what attaches here?
The adial tuberosity is found medially on the proximal radius and is the site for the biceps attachment
Lister's tubercle is at the level of what joint?
Scapholunate joint
In what position is the DRUJ most stable?
In supination
What bones make up the radiocarpal joint?
Radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium
Which ligaments of the wrist, volar or dorsal, are most important for stability?
Volar are most important
The Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) originates from the most ulnar portion of the radius and extends into the caput ulnae and the wrist aspect of the ulna to the base of the fifth metacarpal. What are the 5 components of the TFCC, where does each originate and insert?
Dorsal and volar radioulnar ligament 
  -Origin: Ulnar radius; Insertion: Caput ulnae 
Articular disc 
  -Origin: Radius/ulna; Insertion: Triquetrum 
Prestyloid recess 
  -Origin: Disc;             Insertion: Meniscus homolog 
Meniscus homolog 
  -
Dorsal and volar radioulnar ligament
-Origin: Ulnar radius; Insertion: Caput ulnae
Articular disc
-Origin: Radius/ulna; Insertion: Triquetrum
Prestyloid recess
-Origin: Disc; Insertion: Meniscus homolog
Meniscus homolog
-Origin: Ulna/disc; Insertion: Triquetrum/uln coll lig.
Ulnar collateral ligament
-Origin: Ulna; Insertion: Fifth metacarpal
What makes up the mobile wad?
Brachioradialis, ECRB, ECRL
What muscle is primarily involved in lateral epicondylitis?
ECRB
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Pronator Teres
Origin: Medial epicondyle and coronoid
Insertion: Mid-lateral radius
Action: Pronating & flexing forearm
Innervation: Median
Origin: Medial epicondyle and coronoid
Insertion: Mid-lateral radius
Action: Pronating & flexing forearm
Innervation: Median
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: Medial Epicondyle
Insertion: Second and Third metacarpal bases
Action: Flexing wrist
Innervation: Median
Origin: Medial Epicondyle
Insertion: Second and Third metacarpal bases
Action: Flexing wrist
Innervation: Median
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Palmaris Longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis
Action: Flexes wrist
Innervation: Median
Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis
Action: Flexes wrist
Innervation: Median
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Medial epicondyle and posterior ulna
Insertion: Pisiform
Action: Flexes wrist
Innervation: Ulnar
Origin: Medial epicondyle and posterior ulna
Insertion: Pisiform
Action: Flexes wrist
Innervation: Ulnar
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle, anterior ulna & radius
Insertion: Base of middle phalanges
Action: Flexes PIP joint digits 2-5
Innervation: Median nerve
Origin: Medial epicondyle, anterior ulna & radius
Insertion: Base of middle phalanges
Action: Flexes PIP joint digits 2-5
Innervation: Median nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: Anterior and medial ulna
Insertion: Base of distal phalanges
Action: Flexes DIP joints
Innervation: AIN: 2&3; Ulnar: 4&5
Origin: Anterior and medial ulna
Insertion: Base of distal phalanges
Action: Flexes DIP joints
Innervation: AIN: 2&3; Ulnar: 4&5
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin: Anterior and lateral radius
Insertion: Base of distal phalanges
Action: Flexes IP joint, thumb
Innervation: AIN
Origin: Anterior and lateral radius
Insertion: Base of distal phalanges
Action: Flexes IP joint, thumb
Innervation: AIN
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Pronator quadratus
Origin: Distal ulna
Insertion: Volar radius
Action: Pronates hand
Innervation: AIN
Origin: Distal ulna
Insertion: Volar radius
Action: Pronates hand
Innervation: AIN
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral supracondylar humerus
Insertion: Lateral distal radius
Action: Flexes forearm
Innervation: Radial (m. in extensor compartment)
Origin: Lateral supracondylar humerus
Insertion: Lateral distal radius
Action: Flexes forearm
Innervation: Radial (m. in extensor compartment)
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin: Lateral supracondylar humerus
Insertion: Second metacarpal base
Action: Extends wrist
Innervation: Radial nerve
--"Long to short and short to long"
Origin: Lateral supracondylar humerus
Insertion: Second metacarpal base
Action: Extends wrist
Innervation: Radial nerve
--"Long to short and short to long"
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Third metacarpal base
Action: Extends wrist
Innervation: Radial nerve
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Third metacarpal base
Action: Extends wrist
Innervation: Radial nerve
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Anconeus
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Proximal dorsal ulna
Action: Extends forearm
Innervation: Radial
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Proximal dorsal ulna
Action: Extends forearm
Innervation: Radial
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Extensor Digitorum Communis
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Extensor aponeurosis ulnar 4 digits
Action: Extends digits at MCP, extends hand at wrist
Innervation: PIN (from radial nerve)
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Extensor aponeurosis ulnar 4 digits
Action: Extends digits at MCP, extends hand at wrist
Innervation: PIN (from radial nerve)
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin: Common extensor tendon lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Small finger extensor expansion over P1
Action: Extends small finger
Innervation: PIN
Origin: Common extensor tendon lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Small finger extensor expansion over P1
Action: Extends small finger
Innervation: PIN
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Fifth Metacarpal Base
Action: Extends/Adducts hand
Innervation: PIN
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Fifth Metacarpal Base
Action: Extends/Adducts hand
Innervation: PIN
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator crest of ulna
Insertion: Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
Action: Supinates forearm
Innervation: PIN
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator crest of ulna
Insertion: Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
Action: Supinates forearm
Innervation: PIN
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Origin: Dorsal Ulna/Radius
Insertion: First metacarpal base
Action: Abducts/Extends thumb @ CMC
Innervation: PIN
Origin: Dorsal Ulna/Radius
Insertion: First metacarpal base
Action: Abducts/Extends thumb @ CMC
Innervation: PIN
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: Dorsal radius
Insertion: Thumb proximal phalanx base
Action: Extends thumb MCP
Innervation: PIN
Origin: Dorsal radius
Insertion: Thumb proximal phalanx base
Action: Extends thumb MCP
Innervation: PIN
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin: Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membranee
Insertion: Thumb dorsal phalanx base
Action: Extends thumb IP & CMC joint
Innervation: PIN
Origin: Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membranee
Insertion: Thumb dorsal phalanx base
Action: Extends thumb IP & CMC joint
Innervation: PIN
What is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscle?
Extensor Indicis Proprius
Origin: Dorsolateral Ulna
Insertion: Index finger extensor apparatus (ulnarly)
Action: Extends index finger
Innervation: PIN
Origin: Dorsolateral Ulna
Insertion: Index finger extensor apparatus (ulnarly)
Action: Extends index finger
Innervation: PIN
Name the 4 muscles innervated by the radial nerve and the 8 muscles innervated by the PIN.
Radial Nerve: Triceps, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis

PIN: Supinator, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum communis, extensor digiti minimi, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis proprius

NOTE: Be able to name them in this order as this is the order of innervation and in a compressive neuropathy, the EIP would be last to regain function
Name the 8 muscles innervated by the median nerve (lumbricals and FDP count as 1) and the 3 muscles innervated by the AIN.
Median nerve: Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, abductor pollicis brevis, superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, first and second lumbrical muscles

AIN: Flexor digitorum profundus (first and second), flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
Name the 10 muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve (lumbricals and FDP count as 1)
Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus (third and fourth), pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, third and fourth lumbrical muscles, interossei, adductor pollicis, deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
Describe the course of the radial nerve starting at the plexus
Describe the course of the radial nerve starting at the plexus
The radial nerve is the largest branch of the brachial plexus and arises from the posterior cord and courses posterior to the axillary and brachial arteries and enters the radial groove on the posterior humerus and travels with the deep artery of the arm.
The radial nerve is the largest branch of the brachial plexus and arises from the posterior cord and courses posterior to the axillary and brachial arteries and enters the radial groove on the posterior humerus and travels with the deep artery of the arm. It descends between the long and medial heads of the triceps muscle. It pierces the lateral intermuscular septum to enter the anterior compartment and descends anterior to the lateral epicondyle BETWEEN THE BRACHIALIS AND BRACHIORADIALIS to enter the cubital fossa where it splits into a superficial branch and the Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN). The PIN SPLITS THE SUPINATOR and runs posteriorly along the interosseous septum with the posterior interosseous artery. The superficial branch runs between the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus then passes dorsally around the radius and runs to the distal dorsal hand where it innervates the skin of the radial side of the hand and the radial two and a half digits over the proximal phalanges, it does not supply the skin over the distal phalanges
Describe the course of the median nerve starting at the plexus
Describe the course of the median nerve starting at the plexus
The median nerve is formed from heads of both the medial and lateral cords. The nerve runs down the anteriomedial aspect of the arm with the brachial artery along the brachialis. It passes through the cubital fossa deep to the bicipital aponeurosis and ME
The median nerve is formed from heads of both the medial and lateral cords. The nerve runs down the anteriomedial aspect of the arm with the brachial artery along the brachialis. It passes through the cubital fossa deep to the bicipital aponeurosis and MEDIAL TO THE BRACHIAL ARTERY. Branches into the anterior interosseous nerve which SPLITS PRONATOR TERES AND RUNS BETWEEN FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS AND FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS then splits pronator quadratus and ends in sensory "twigs" to the wrist joint and capsule. After splitting into AIN, the median nerve continues between the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus muscles then goes superficial by passing between the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis near the wrist. It enters the palm through the carpal tunnel, gives off a muscular recurrent branch and terminates by dividing into three common palmar digital nerves
Describe the course of the ulnar nerve starting at the plexus
Describe the course of the ulnar nerve starting at the plexus
Terminal branch from the medial cord, runs down the medial aspect of the arm, pierces the medial intermuscular septum at the middle of the arm, and descends together with the superior ulnar collateral branch of the brachial artery. Descends behind the med
Terminal branch from the medial cord, runs down the medial aspect of the arm, pierces the medial intermuscular septum at the middle of the arm, and descends together with the superior ulnar collateral branch of the brachial artery. Descends behind the medial epicondyle. It enters the forearm between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus. It enters the hand superficial to the flexor retinaculum and lateral to the pisiform bone. It terminates by dividing into superficial and deep branches at the root of the hypothenar eminence. The superficial branch innervates the palmaris brevis and the skin over the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the medial one third of the hand, including the hypothenar eminence and then terminates in the palm by dividing into three palmar digital branches which supply the skin of the little finger and the medial side of the ring finger.
The deep branch arises at about the level of the pisiform and passes between the pisiform and the hook of the hamate, between the origins of the abductor and flexor digiti minimi brevis muscles, and then deep to the opponens digiti minimi. It curves around the hook and then turns laterally to follow the course of the deep palmar arterial arch across the interossei. It innervates the hypothenar muscles, the medial two lumbricals, all ter interossei, the adductor pollicis, and usually the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
What is the interval for the anterior (Henry's) approach to the forearm? What 2 structures are at risk during this approach?
Interval: Brachioradialis (radial nerve) and pronator teres (median nerve). Distally: flexor carpi radialis (median nerve)

Structures at risk: Must ligate the leash of Henry (radial artery branches)
Superficial branch of the radial nerve
Interval: Brachioradialis (radial nerve) and pronator teres (median nerve). Distally: flexor carpi radialis (median nerve)

Structures at risk: Must ligate the leash of Henry (radial artery branches)
Superficial branch of the radial nerve
What is the interval for the Dorsal Posterior (Thompson's) approach to the forearm? What structure is at risk?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (radial nerve) and Extensor Digitorum Communis (PIN). 
Distally: Extensor pollicis longus

Structures at risk: PIN, you must avoid excessive retraction of the supinator
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (radial nerve) and Extensor Digitorum Communis (PIN).
Distally: Extensor pollicis longus

Structures at risk: PIN, you must avoid excessive retraction of the supinator
What is the interval for the ulnar approach to the forearm?
Extensor carpi ulnaris (PIN) and flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)
Proximal forearm
Proximal forearm
yep
Mid forearm
Mid forearm
yep
Distal forearm
Distal forearm
yep
Briefly describe a proximal Henry's approach to the forearm. Why is supination of the forearm important?
Proximally: Isolate and ligate the leash of Henry (radial artery branches) proximally, and strip the supinator from its insertion subperiosteally; supination of the forearm displaces the PIN ulnarly (ie, laterally and posteriorly).
Briefly describe a middle third Henry's approach to the forearm. Why is supination of the forearm important?
Middle third: Pronate the forearm and incise the insertion of the pronator teres subperiosteally
Briefly describe a distal Henry's approach to the forearm. Why is supination of the forearm important?
Distally: Dissect off the FPL and pronator quadratus.
As it enters the forearm, what structure does the ulnar nerve run between?
The ulnar nerve splits the two heads of the FCU as it enters the forearm
As it enters the forearm, what structure does the median nerve run between?
As it enters the forearm, the median nerve splits the two heads of the pronator teres.