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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What system regulates long term processes?
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Endocrine System
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Endocrine's long term processes include what three processes?
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Development, Groth, and Reproduction
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The Endocrine system is regulated by ___ ___ , its goal is to preserve ______
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negative feedback
homeostasis |
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secretory unites composed of epithelial cells
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endocrine glands
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release secretory products into the bloodstream for distribution
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epithelial cells
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Endocrine and Nervous system are similiar in that they both ____ ______
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release chemicals
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Nervous system releases _____ at a _____ very ____ to its _____
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neurotransmitters, synapse, close, target
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the action is fast but doesn't last long
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Nervous System
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Endocrine system releases _____ into ___ ___, ___ from its _____ cells. It relies on the ______ to distribute its secretions
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hormones, extracellular fluid, far, target, bloodstream
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the action is slower but lasts longer
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Endocrine System
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Nervous System and Endocrine system are linked through the what?
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hypothalamus
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Hormones: chemicals that
-are released from ___ ___ -are distributed by the ___ -___ the ___ at which the body performs an activity |
endocrine organs
blood change the rate |
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stable internal environment
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homeostasis
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during homeostasis, body systems must function within a ____ ____
failure to function within a (previous) results in ___ or ____ |
normal range
disease or death |
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To Maintain Homeostasis:
-it has ____ that sense a stimulus -has a ___ ___ that receives and processes this info from (above) -has _____ that resond to commands by (above) |
receptors
control center effectors |
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Negative Feedback:
-the ____ of the effector ____ the stimulus and ____ the situation |
response
negates corrects |
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Hypothalamus:
-as nervous tissue, ___ the ___ -as integrator, ____ ____ ____ -as endocrine organ, ____ the hormones ___ and ______ |
controls the ANS
secretes regulatory hormones secretes ADH and ocytocin |
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major endocrine gland
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pituitary gland
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The ____ lobe of the pituitary gland is _____ and composed of ____ ____
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anterior
glandular epithelial cells |
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The ____ lobe of the pituitary gland is developed from ___ ___, part of the ___, and composed of ____ whose cells bodies are in the hypothalamus
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posterior
nervous tissue CNS axons |
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The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior lobe by ____ and _____ hormones, they are taken up by special ___ ___ called a ___ ___ and realeased onto endocrine cells in the ____ ___
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releasing and inhibiting
blood vessels portal system pituitary gland |
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A portal system is composed of two _____ ____ connected by a ____
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capillary bodies
veins |
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Pituitary Portal System is composed of _____ in the hypothalamus and the anterior lobe connected by ___ ___ in the infundibulum(stalk)
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capillaries
portal veins |
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PPS picks up hormones from the ______ and delivers them directly to the ___ ____
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hypothalamus
pituitary gland |
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Releasing hormones _____ secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary
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stimulate
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Inhibiting hormones _____ secretion of hormones fomr the anterior pituitary
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prevent
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advantage of portal system:
secrete ___ ___ ___ of hormones into the first set of capillaries -allows these hormones to ___ their ___ cells in the anterior pituitary via the second set of capillaries very _____ without being ____ in the general circulation |
very small amounts
reach their target rapidly without being diluted |
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FSH
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follicle-stimulating hormone
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LH
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luteinizing hormone
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ACTH
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adrenocorticotropic hormone
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TSH
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thyroid-stimulating hormone
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PRL
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prolactin
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GH
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growth hormone
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stimulate follicle development in female ovaries and maturation of sperm in male testes
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FSH (gonadotropins)
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stimulate progesterone production in females and androgen production in males
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LH (gonadotropins)
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Gonadotropins (FSH and LH) are stimulated by ____ from the hypothalamus and regulate activities of the _____
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gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
gonads |
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stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex and stimulated by CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus
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ACTH
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stimulates the release of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland
stimulated by TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus |
TSH
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stimulates mammary gland development
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PRL
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sitmulates growth
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GH
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-hypothalamus secretes only ____ hormones for the FLAT hormones
-secretion is controlled by ___ ____ |
releasing
negative feedback |
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(PG)secretion is controlled by ____ and _____ hormones from the hypothalamus
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realeasing
inhibiting |
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Posterior lobe releases two hormones that are _____ in nerve cell bodies located in the ______ and ____ from axon terminals in the ____ ____
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synthesized
hypothalamus released posterior pituitary |
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Posterior Pituitary Hormones:
-restricts water loss from the kidneys and promotes thirst -stimulates smooth muscle contractions in the mammary glands, uterus, and prostate |
ADH
oxytocin |
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lies inferior to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and superficial to the trachea
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Thyroid Gland
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Thyroid gland is composed of _____ (hollow balls lined by epithelial cells) that synthesize the hormones ___ and ___
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follicles
T3 and T4 |
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Thyroid hormones _____ your ___ ___ ____
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increase basal metabolic rate
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Thyroid gland also contains C Cells that produce _____: causes a ____ in blood calcium
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calcitonin
decrease |
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Parathyroid Glands' cells produce _____ _____: causes a ___ in blood calcium
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parathyroid hormone
increase |
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Adrenal Glands:
subdivided into an outer ___ and inner ____ |
cortex
medulla |
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Adrenal Cortex: synthesizes (cortico)steroid hormones:
-______ for the kidneys which increase ___ and ____ retention -_____ which ____ blood glucose -__ ____ which stimulate onset of _____ |
mineralocorticoids:sodium and water
glucocorticoids:increase sex steroids:puberty |
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Pancreas:
endocrine cells form clusters of cells called ___ ___ _____ or pancreatic islets |
islets of Lanerhans
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2 Major Types of Endocrine Cells in Pancreatic Islets:
___ ___-secreate ____ which ____ blood glucose ___ ___-secrete ____ which ____ blood glucose |
alpha cells: glucagon, increase
beta cells: insulin, decrease |
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The heart begins as a ____ with only ___ chamber
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tube
one |
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Org of the Cardiovascular System:
-___ circut-carries blood between the ____ and ____ -____ cirucit-carries blood between the ____ and ____ |
systemic: heart and body
pulmonary: heart and lungs |
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great veins and arteries are at the heart's ___.
pointed tip to the left is the ____. surrounded by ____ ___ |
base
apex pericardial sac |
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serous membrane that prevents friction between the heart and surrounding structures
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pericardial sac
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collects ____ O2 blood from the ____ via the ____ and ___ ___ ___ - ____ _____
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low, body, superior and inferior vena cavae
right atrium |
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pumps ___ O2 blood to the ____ via the ___ and ____ ____ _____- ____ ____
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low, lungs, right and left pulmonary arteries
right ventricle |
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collects ___ O2 blood from the ____ via the ___ and ____ ____ ____ - ___ ____
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high, lungs, right and left pulmonary veins
left atrium |
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pumps ____ O2 blood to the ___ via the ____: ___ ____
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high, body, aorta
left ventricle |
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the ___ ____ is larger than the right.
-its muscle is ____ and more _____ |
left ventricle
-thicker, powerful |
