Anatomy Coloring Book Pg. 44-69 Muscles

Front 1

What are the three layers of fascia that envelop of muscle fiber.

Back 1

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Front 2

Broad flat tendons are called?

Back 2

Aponeuroses

Front 3

Describe the belly of a muscle.

Back 3

the mass of fasciae-enveloped contractile fibers

Front 4

Skeletal muscles are named according to what five things?

Back 4

attachments, shape, number of heads, function, position

Front 5

Describe the three types of levers.

Back 5

1st class: muscle, joint, load
2nd class: joint, load, muscle
3rd class: joint, muscle, load

Front 6

Explain the difference between origin and insertion.

Back 6

origin: muscle attachment at the fixed bone
insertion: attachment at the moving bone

Front 7

The primary muscle effecting a desired joint movement is called?

Back 7

the prime mover or agonist

Front 8

Muscles that potentially or actually oppose or resist a certain movement are called?

Back 8

antagonist

Front 9

What is the purpose of a fixator muscle?

Back 9

to stabilize the more proximal joints during weightbearing functions of the more distal joints

Front 10

The act of chewing is called?

Back 10

mastication

Front 11

The muscles of mastication are all innervated by what cranial nerve?

Back 11

5th cranial nerve: trigeminal

Front 12

The muscles of facial expression are all supplied by what cranial nerve?

Back 12

7th cranial nerve: facial

Front 13

The suprahyoid muscles all insert where? Purpose?

Back 13

hyoid bone, the elevate the hyoid bone, influencing the movements of the floor of the mouth and the tongue

Front 14

The infrahyoid bones all insert where? Purpose?

Back 14

hyoid bone, these muscles partially resist elevation of the hyoid bone during swallowing

Front 15

A covering muscle that operates with the sternocleidomastoid m. to both extend and rotate the neck and head.

Back 15

splenius muscles

Front 16

Name the three erector spinae m.

Back 16

spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

Front 17

Name the three oblique muscles of the transversospinalis group.

Back 17

semispinalis, multifidu, rotatores

Front 18

Give the three layers of muscle in the anterior abdominal wall starting with the most superficial.

Back 18

external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominus

Front 19

Starting from the most superficial, give the coverings of the spermatic cord.

Back 19

superficial fascia, external spermatic fascia, crematic fascia, internal spermatic fascia, peritoneum

Front 20

Name the four muscular parts of the levator ani muscle the helps make up the pelvic diaphragm (floor).

Back 20

levator prostatae/vaginae
puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

Front 21

Name the five major contributors to the pevlic wall.

Back 21

obturator internus
piriformis
sacroutberous ligament
sacrospinous ligament
tendinous arch

Front 22

What muscles are used in retraction of the scapula?

Back 22

trapezius, rhomboid major and minor

Front 23

What muscles are used in protraction of the scapula?

Back 23

serratus anterior

Front 24

What muscles are used in elevation of the scapula?

Back 24

trapezius, levator scapulae

Front 25

What muscles are used in depression of the scapula?

Back 25

trapezius

Front 26

What muscles are used in upward rotation of the scapula?

Back 26

serratus anterior, levator scapulae

Front 27

Name the muscles of the rotator cuff.

Back 27

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Front 28

Name the four flexors of elbow/radioulnar joints.

Back 28

biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
pronator teres

Front 29

Name the extensors of the elbow/radioulnar joints.

Back 29

triceps brachii
anconeus

Front 30

Name the supinators and pronators of the elbow/radioulnar joints.

Back 30

supinators: supinator, biceps brachii
pronator: pronator teres, pronator quadratus

Front 31

What muscles make up the thenar eminence?

Back 31

opponens pollicis, abducor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis

Front 32

What muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?

Back 32

oppones digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis

Front 33

What two muscles play the key roles in grasping an obj. between thumb and index finger?

Back 33

adductor pollicis, first dorsal interosseous mus.

Front 34

What muscles assist the fingers in adduction?

Back 34

palmar interosseus

Front 35

What muscles assist the fingers in abduction?

Back 35

dorsal interosseus

Front 36

Explain the functions of the gluteus maximus and glutues medius.

Back 36

max: extends the hip joint during running and walking uphill
med: major abductor of the hip, stabilizer of pelvis when contralateral leg lifted off ground

Front 37

What are the three muscles of the hamstrings?

Back 37

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

Front 38

What action do the hamstrings help achieve?

Back 38

flexion of the knee joint, extension of the hip joint

Front 39

What are the muscles of the medial thigh?

Back 39

obturator externus, pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis

Front 40

The adductors insert where?

Back 40

rough vertical line on the posterior of the femur called the linea aspera

Front 41

What three muscles joint together to for and insertion called the pes anserinus?

Back 41

gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus

Front 42

Where do the femoral vessels pass through the adductor magnuw?

Back 42

at the adductor hiatus

Front 43

The sartorius allows you to assume what position?

Back 43

crossed-legs sitting posture

Front 44

What are the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris and where do they all converge?

Back 44

vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris
all converge to form the patellar tendon

Front 45

What is the only extensor of the hip joint?

Back 45

quadriceps femoris

Front 46

What is the most powerful flexor of the hip?

Back 46

iliopsoas

Front 47

What muscle is particularly helpful in lifting the foot during the swing phose of walking?

Back 47

tibialis anterior