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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensory (afferent) Division
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From PNS to CNS
Contains receptors, receives sensory info from skin, joints, ect |
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Motor (efferent) Division
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Info from CNS to rest of body
Sends motor info to effectors Voluntary (digestive track) |
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Dendrites
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Nerve implulses TOWARD the cell body, receive input and then transfer to cell body for processing
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Axon
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Nerve Fiber
Transmits OUTPUT info to other cells |
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Unipolar neurons
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Single, short neuron process
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Bipolar neurons
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One axon and one dendrite neuron
Taste, vision, hearing, balance, smell |
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Multipolar neurons
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Many dendrites and a single axon
Motor neurons |
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Glial Cells
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Neuraglia, both CNS and PNS, assist neurons with functions
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Astrocytes
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Star like shape, form the blood-brain barrier, replaces damaged neurons
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Synapse
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Where axon contact other neurons, nerve impulse is transmitted to another cell
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Chemical Synapses
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The most numerous type of snyape
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Brain gray matter
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houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodentria and unmyelinated axons
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Brain White matter
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From Myelin, inside of grey matter
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Cerebrum
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location of the conscious thought processes and the orgin of all complex functions.
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Gyri
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elevated ridges in brain where the cerebrum folds
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Sulci
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Shallow depressions in brain
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Fissures
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Deeper groves (Longitudinal Fissure)
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Corpus Callosum
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Connects the two hemipheres
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Frontal Lobe
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Primary Motor cotex, speech area
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Parietal Lobe
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Sensory of texturs and shapes, understanding speech, words thoughts and emotions
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Temporal Lobe
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Auditory cortex, association area,
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Occipital Lobe
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Visual stimuli
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Insula
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Taste and memory
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Diencephalon
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"in-between brain" Switching centers for some sensory and motor pathways
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Epithalamus
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Sleep, secretes melatonin for day and night cycles
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Thalamus
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Sensory Info filter
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Hypothalamus
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Gives thirsty feeling, regulation of body temp, control emotional behavior, control food intake
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Medulla oblongata
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Cardiac center, blood pressure, respiratory center, coughing, sneezing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, and vomiting
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Limbic System
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Love (emotion) system of the brain
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Anterior root of spinal nerve
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Contains motor axons only (output) in spinal nerve
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Posterior root of spinal nerve
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Contains sensory axons only (input) in spinal nerve
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Anterior ramus in spinal nerve
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Branches
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Ulnar nerve
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Funny bone
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Reflexes
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Rapid, automatic, involuntary reaction of mucles of glands to stimulus
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Reflexes
Stimulus |
required to initiate a response to sensory input
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Reflexes
Rapid response |
requires few neurons to be involved and synaptic delay be minimal
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Reflexes
Automatic response |
Occurs the same way every time
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Reflexes
Involuntary response |
requires on intent or pre-awareness of the reflex
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Ganglion
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Cluster of neuron cell bodies within the PNS
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Center (nervous system structures)
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Group of CNS neuron cell bodies with a common function
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Nucleus
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Center that displays discrete anatomic boundaries
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Nerve
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Axon bundle extending through PNS
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tract
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CNS Axon bundle in which the axons have a similar function and share a common origin and destination
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Funiculus
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Group of tracts in a specific area of the spinal cord
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Pathway
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Centers and tracts that connect the CNS with body organ and systems
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Higher-order mental functions
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Encompuass consciousness, learning, memory, and reasoning
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Language
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Wernicke's area of brain
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Cognition
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Mental processes such as awareness, thinking
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Memory
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Sensory, working, long-term and short-term
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Emotion
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Controlled by the prefrontal cortex
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Autonomic nervous system
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System of nerves that govern involuntary actions
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Somatic nervous system
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regulate body organs and maintain normal internal functions
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One neuron in pathway from CNS to effector
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Somatic
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Autonomic
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Two neurons in pathway
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Parasympathetic Division
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Rest-and-digest division (homeostasis)
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Sympathetic Division
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Fight-or-flight
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Special Senses
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Taste, smell, vision, equilibrium, and hearing
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Receptors
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detect stimuli
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Receptive field
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Finger tips
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Transducers
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transforms energy of one system into a different form of energy
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Somatic sensory receptors
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within body wall; include receptors for chemicals, temp, pain, touch, and movement
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Visceral sensory receptors
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walls of internal organs, respond to chemicals, temp, and pressure
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Nociceptors
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respond to pain
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Tactile receptors
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most common, react to touch, pressure and vibration
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Unencapsulated tactile receptors
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Have no connective tissue wrapping around them and are relatively simple
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Three types of encapsulated receptors
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Free nerve endings - close to surface of skin
Root hair plexuses- movement of hair Tactile discs - flattened nerve endings tonic receptors for fin touch |
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Encapsulated receptors
Four kinds |
Pressure
Krause Bulbs Lamellated Corpuscles Ruffini Corpuscles Tactile corpuscles |
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Gustation
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Taste
Papillae holds taste buds |
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Olfactory
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Smell
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Vision
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Conjunctiva
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Rods
Cones |
Rodes - low light
Cones - high light |
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Cochlea
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Hearing organs are housed in
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