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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT IS A TISSUE?
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A group of similar cells that function together to form a specific function.
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR MAIN TYPES OF TISSUE?
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Epithelial
Connective Muscle Nervous |
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What are the 3 types of cell junctions?
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Tight
Anchoring Communicating |
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What is a tight junction?
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fluid tight lining; commonly found in epithelium,
found lining organs like: the bladder, stomach, and intestine |
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What is an anchoring junction?
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fastens cells to each other or to extracellular matrix,
can be found in : cervix and cardiac muscle |
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What is a communicating junction?
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serves in transmission of electrical or chemical signals between cells,
can be found in: cardiac muscle and embryonic cells |
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What are the two types of epithelial tissue?
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-Covering and lining
-Glandular |
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What does covering and lining epithelial tissue do?
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lines interiors of organ systems and body cavities and makes up outer layer of skin, lines outside of organs
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Name 4 features of epithelial tissue:
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1. Closely packed cells
2. Arranged in highly organized continuous sheets 3. High mitotic rate(divide often) 4. Avascular |
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What are the four SHAPES of epithelial tissue?
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1. Squamos (Squay-mose)
2. Cuboidal (Q-boy-dull) 3. Columnar 4. Transitional |
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What are 3 ways that epithelial tissue is layered?
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1. Simple
2. Stratified 3. Pseudostratified (Sue-doe-stratified) |
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What do squamous cells look like?
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Flat, attached like tiles
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What do cuboidal cells look like?
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Thicker, cube shaped cells that are equal in length and width
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What do columnar cells look like?
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Cylindrical
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What do transitional cells look like?
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Range in shape
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What is the difference between simple, stratified, and pseudostratified layers?
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Simple- Single layer
Stratified- Multiple layers Pseduostratified- Single layer but appears to have more than 1 |
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What are the 3 variations of simple epithelial tissue?
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Simple Cuboidal
Simple Squamos Simple Columnar |
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What are the features of simple squamous epithelial tissue?
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-Allow for the diffusion/movement of fluids and dissolved substances via osmosis and filtration
-Lines heart chambers, blood vessels, abdominal cavity |
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What are the features of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?
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-function in secretion in absorption
Ex: Secretion- tears, saliva Absorption- water in kidneys |
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What are the two types of simple columnar epithelial tissue?
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1. Non-Ciliated
2. Ciliated |
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What is the difference between non-ciliated and ciliated simple columnar epithelial tissue?
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Non-Ciliated: Contains microvilli which increase surface area, contains goblet cells which secrete mucus
Ciliated: Move substances with cilia rather than microvilli/goblet cells, moves mucus rather than secreting it |
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What are the 3 types of stratified epithelial tissue?
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Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar
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What are the two types of squamous epithelial tissue?
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Keratinized and non-keratinized
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How to non-keratinized and keratinized epithelial tissue differ?
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Keratinized- found in cells that are dying, provides protection from friction and has waterproofing capabiliites. Found only in skin.
Non-Keratinized- designed for protection and lubrication |
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What is the function of transitional epithelium?
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Is able to be stretched. Lines hollow structures like bladder and urethra.
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What is glandular epithelium?
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Clusters of cells deep below covering epithelium that function in secretion either at skin surface or in lumen(tube/space) of a hollow organ.
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What are the two types of glands and how do they differ?
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Exocrine-release substances to outside of the body; contains ducts
ex. mucus, oil, wax, perspiration Endocrine- releases substances into the body; does not contain ducts ex. hormones, secretion of products into bloodstream or extracellular fluid |
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What is connective tissue?
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The most abundant tissue in the body which is found below the epithelial tissue in most organs. Its form can range from solid to liquid.
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What are 3 features of connective tissues?
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1. Consists of 3 basic elements: cells, ground substance, and fibers
2. All have a nerve supply except cartilage 3. Highly vascular besides tendons which have few vessels & cartilage which as no vessels |
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What function do ground substance and fibers have in Connective Tissue(CT)?
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Produce a medium for cells and determine the nature of the tissue(fluid, gel, fibrous, hard)
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What are 5 types of cells found in C.T and what are their basic functions?
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FIBROBLASTS-most numerous; secrete molecules that form fibers and ground substance
MACROPHAGES-engulf bacteria and cellular debris; very important to body's defense system PLASMA CELLS-secrete anti-bodies MAST CELLS-found along bloody vessels; secrete histamine which dilates blood vessels during inflamation ADIPOCYTES-fat cells |
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What are 3 types of fibers found in C.T?
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-Collagen
-Elastic -Reticular |
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What are the characteristics of collagen?
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Is a very tough, strong, fiber typically found in bundles; is the most abundant protein in the body; forms bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
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What are the characteristics of elastic fibers?
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Are strong but stretchable; can be found in skin, vessels, lungs, and uterus
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What are the characteristics of reticular fibers?
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Serve as support for bones, nerves, vessels, and muscle; framework for soft organs; forms branching networks
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What constitutes the ground substance of C.T?
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Made up of water and large organic compounds; is found between cells and fibers
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What are 5 types of mature C.T?
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1. Loose Connective
2. Dense Connective 3. Cartilage 4. Bone 5. Blood |
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What are 3 types of Loose C.T?
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1. Areolar (Air-ee-oh-lar)
2. Adipose (Ah-dih-pose) 3. Reticular |
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What are the characteristics of Areolar C.T?
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-contains all types of cells and fibers
-attaches skin to underlying surfaces -located near adipose tissue in subcutaneous(below the skin) layer |
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What are the characteristics of Adipose C.T?
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-Insulates the body, is a good energy reserve, offers protection
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What are the characteristics of Reticular C.T?
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-Forms stroma for soft organs such as the spleen and liver
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What are 3 types of Dense C.T?
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-Dense Regular
-Dense Irregular -Elastic |
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What are the characteristics of dense regular C.T?
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-Made up of collagen fibers which RUN PARALLEL for great strength
-Found in tendons(collagen fibers) and ligaments(elastin fibers) |
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What are the characteristics of dense irregular C.T?
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-Collagen fibers are INTERWOVEN in many different directions for tensions
-Found in: Fascia-fibrous covering around muscle tissue, Periosteum-bone covering, joint capsules, and heart valves |
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What are the characteristics of Elastic C.T?
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-Contains elastic fibers
-found in walls of arteries and lungs |
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What is cartilage?
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-Dense network of collagen and elastin fibers
-Can take a lot of stress -Avascular, and are thus difficult to heal, and contain no nerve supply -Slow down tissue repair due to lack of living tissue and lack of blood vessels |
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What are 3 types of cartilage?
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1. Hyaline
2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic |
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What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage?
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-is most abundant cartilage in the body
-reduces friction and absorbs shock -found at the end of long bones, rib cage, nose |
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What are the characteristics of fibrocartilage?
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-strong and elastic
-function in support and fusion found in: pubic symphysis, IV discs, meniscus, |
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What are the characteristics of elastic cartilage?
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-contains elastic fibers
found in: epiglottis and external ear |
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What function does bone(ossesous) tissue have?
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-is supporting framework of body
-stores calcium -produces blood cells |
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What are the characteristics of blood tissue?
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55% liquid matrix
45% solid components(blood cells) |
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What is muscle tissue?
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Tissue consisting of elongated cells called muscle fibers whose primary function is to provide movement. It also helps to maintain posture, generate heat, and offer protection.
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What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
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Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth
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What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?
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Is the only voluntary muscle. Attaches to the bone to provide movement of the body/skeleton. Is striated with fibers.
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What are the characteristics of smooth muscle?
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Found in internal/reproductive organs and in blood vessels. Is not striated. Provides movement of blood and digestive enzymes. Involuntary
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What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?
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Specialized striated muscle found only in heart; pumps or moves blood. Involuntary.
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What are two types of cells found in nervous tissue?
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Neurons and glia cells
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What do nerve cells do?
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Are sensitive to stimuli and convert these stimuli into nerve impulses which are conducted to muscle fibers and glands
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What do glia cells do?
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Are glue cells that provide support for neurons. They do not generate nerve impulses.
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What are membranes?
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Flat sheets; layers of tissue that lines and covers body organs; are typically made of an apical layer of epithelial tissue and a lower connective tissue
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What are Epithelial Membranes?
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Are made of E.T and C.T connected by a basement membrane.
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What is a basement membrane?
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A layer of extra cellular space between the two types of tissues
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What are 3 types of epithelial membranes?
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1. Mucus
2. Serous 3. Cutaneous |
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What are mucus membranes?
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Line areas of the body that have an exit or opening. For example, digestive organs, respiratory passages, reproductive channels, and urinary passages
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What are serous membranes?
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Secrete serous fluid which helps organs glide smoothly against one another. Consists of a parietal layer(lines body cavities) and a visceral layer(lines organs in those cavities).
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What are cutaneous membranes?
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The skin!!
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What are synovial membranes?
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Lines cavities of joints. Composed of areolar C.T and adipose tissue with collagen fibers. Is not an epithelial membrane.
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