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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prime Mover (Agonist) Anatagonists Synergists |
Functional Group Classifications of Muscle (3) |
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Prime Mover (Agonist) |
- Muscle that has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement of that movement - Ex: Pectoralis major muscle of arm flexion |
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Antagonists |
- Muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement - Regulate action of prime mover with resistance (Opposite side of joint) Ex: Latissimus dorsi of arm flexion - Can also be prime mover Ex: Latissimus dorsi of arm extension |
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Synergists |
- Help prime movers by adding extra force to same movement or by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movements |
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Fixators |
- When synergists immobilize a bone or muscle origin so prime mover has stable base |
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Flexion |
A muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces: |
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Extension |
A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint produces: |
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Abduction |
A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces: |
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Adduction |
A muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction: |
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Deltoid Trapezius |
2 Examples of muscles named for their distinctive shapes |
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Maximus Minimus Longus Brevis |
Largest Smallest Long Short In muscle size means? |
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Rectus |
Naming muscles by the direction of fibers: the fibers run parallel to the midline of the body or the longitudinal axis of a limb bone |
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Transversus |
Naming muscles by direction of fibers: the fibers run at right angles to the longitudinal axis of a limb bone or to midline of body |
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Oblique |
Naming muscles by direction of fibers: the fibers run obliquely to the longitudinal axis of a limb bone or to midline of body |
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Heads |
Ceps, mean? Each attached to a different origin |
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Orbicularis Oculi |
- Thin, flat sphincter muscle of eyelid; surround rim of the orbit - Closes eye; produces blinking and squinting; draws eyebrows inferiorly |
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Orbicularis Oris |
- Complicated multilayered muscle of the lips with fibers that run in many different directions; most run circularly - Closes lips; purses and protrudes lips; kissing and whistling |
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Masseter |
- Powerful muscle that covers lateral aspect of mandibular ramus - Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates madible |
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Sternocleidomastoid |
- Two-headed muscle located on anterolateral surface of neck - Flexes and laterally rotates the head |
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Scalenes |
- Located more laterally than anteriorly on neck - Flexes and rotates neck; elevates first two ribs |
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Erector Spinae |
- Prime mover of back extension - Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column |
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Rectus Abdominus |
- Medial superficial muscle pair; extend from pubis to rib cage - Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column - Fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intra-abdominal pressure; used in sit-ups and curls |
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External Oblique |
- Largest, most superficial lateral muscle - Flex vertebral column and aids in rotating trunking and flexing laterally - Oblique curls |
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Pectoralis Minor |
- Flat, thin muscle directly beneath and obscured by pectoralis major - Moves rib superiorly or draws scapula forward and downward |
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Serratus Anterior |
- Fan-shaped muscle; lies deep to scapula - Important in abducting and raising arm, horizontal arm movements - Rotates scapula so its inferior angle moves laterally and upward - Pushing, punching, "boxer's muscle" |
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Trapezius |
- Most superficial muscle of posterior thorax - Adduct scapula, elevate scapula, help extend head - Shrugging |
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Pectoralis Major |
- Large, fan shaped muscle covering superior portion of chest - Adducts and medially rotates arm, assists in flexion and extension of arm - Climbing, throwing, pushing |
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Deltoid |
- Thick, multipennate muscle forming rounded shoulder muscle mass - Prime mover of arm abduction, antagonist of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi - Arm-swinging while walking |
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Latissimus Dorsi |
- Broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back (lumbar region) - Prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder - Striking a blow, hammering, swimming, rowing, chin-ups |
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Supraspinatus |
- Named for its location on posterior aspect of a scapula - Initiates abduction of arm - Helps prevent downward dislocation of humerus, as when carrying a heavy suitcase |
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Infraspinatus |
- Partially covered by deltoid and trapezius; named for scapular location - Rotates arm laterally - Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder joint |
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Teres Minor |
- Small, elongated muscle inferior to infraspinatus - Rotates arm laterally - Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder joint |
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Teres Major |
- Thick, rounded muscle; located inferior to teres minor - Extends, medially rotates and adducts arm - Synergist of latissimus dorsi |
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Triceps Brachii |
- Large fleshy muscle; the only muscle of posterior compartment of arm - Powerful forearm extensor prime mover, antagonist of forearm flexors, assist in arm adduction - Spans shoulder and elbow joint |
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Anconeus |
- Short, triangular muscle; blended with distal end of triceps on posterior humerus - Control ulnar abduction during forearm pronation - Synergist of triceps brachii in elbow extension |
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Biceps Brachii |
- Two-headed fusiform muscle; tendon of long head helps stabilize shoulder joint - Flexes and supinates forearm, weak flexor of arm at shoulder - Opening bottle of wine - Spans shoulder and elbow joint |
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Brachialis |
- Strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii on distal humerus - Major forearm flexor (lifts ulna as biceps lift the radius) |
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Iliopsoas |
- Composite of Iliacus and Psoas Major - Prime mover for thigh flexion, trunk flexion, lateral trunk flexion - Bowing |
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Sartorius |
- Straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee; longest muscle in body; crosses both hip and knee joints - Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh; weak knee flexor - Cross-legged position - Spans hip and knee joint |
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Quadriceps Femoris |
- Forms the flesh of front and sides of thigh consisting of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis - Powerful knee extensor used in climbing, jumping, running and rising from seated position |
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Rectus Femoris |
- Superficial muscle of anterior thigh - Extends leg and flexes thigh at hip - Spans hip and knee joint |
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Vastus Lateralis |
- Largest head of the quadriceps femoris - Extends and stabilizes leg |
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Vastus Medialis |
- Forms inferomedial aspect of thigh - Extends leg |
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Tensor Fascia Lata |
- Enclosed between fascia layers of anterolateral aspect of thigh - Flexes and abducts thigh; rotates thigh medially |
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Gluteus Maximus |
- Largest and most superficial gluteus muscle; forms bulk of buttock mass - Major extensor of thigh, laterally rotates and abducts thigh - Climbing stairs and running |
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Hamstrings |
- Fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh consisting of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus - Prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion - Spans hip and knee joints |
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Biceps Femoris |
- Most lateral muscle of the hamstrings - Extends thigh and flexes leg; laterally rotates leg, especially when knee is flexed |
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Semitendinosus |
- Lies medial to biceps femoris - Extends thigh and flexes leg; helps semimembranosus medially rotate leg |
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Semimembranosus |
- Deep to semitendinosus - Extends thigh and flexes leg; medially rotates leg |
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Tibialis Anterior |
- Superficial muscle of anterior leg; laterally parallels sharp anterior margin of tibia - Prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; helps support medial longitudinal arch of foot |
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Extensor digitorum longus |
- Unipennate muscle on anterolateral surface of leg; lateral to tibialis anterior muscle - Prime mover of toe extension; dorsiflexes foot |
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Triceps Surae |
- Refers to muscle pair Gastrocnemius and Soleus that shapes the posterior calf - Prime movers of ankle plantar flexion |
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Gastrocnemius |
- Superficial muscle of the triceps surae - Plantar flexes foot when leg is extended; can flex knee when foot is dorsiflexed - Spans knee to ankle |
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Soleus |
- Broad, flat muscle, deep to gastrocnemius on posterior surface of calf - Plantar flexes foot; important locomotor and postural muscle during walking, running and dancing |
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Flexor digitorum longus |
- Long, narrow, deep muscle of posterior leg - Plantar flexes and inverts foot; flexes toes; helps foot "grip" ground |
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Prime Mover: Sternocleidomastoid
Synergist: Scalenes Antagonist: Trapezius |
Neck Flexion Muscle Groups (SST) Same as Neck Rotation. Opposite to Neck Extension. |
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Prime Mover: Rectus Abdominus Synergist: External Obliques Antagonist: Erector Spinae |
Trunk Flexion Muscle Groups (REE) |
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Prime Mover: Pectoralis Major Fixator: Trapezius; Serratus Anterior |
Shoulder Flexion Muscle Groups (PDBLTS) |
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Prime Mover: Latissimus Dorsi
Synergist: Teres Major Antagonist: Pectoralis Major |
Shoulder Extension Muscle Groups (LTP) |
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Prime Mover: Deltoid |
Shoulder Abduction Muscle Groups (DSPLTT) |
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Prime Mover: Pectoralis Major
Synergist: Latissimus Doris, Teres Minor Antagonist: Deltoid |
Shoulder Adduction Muscle Groups (PLTD) |
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Prime Mover: Brachialis
Synergist: Biceps Brachii Antagonist: Triceps Brachii |
Elbow Flexion Muscle Group (BBT) |
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Prime Mover: Triceps Brachii
Synergist: Anaconeus Antagonist: Brachialis |
Elbow Extension Muscle Group (TAB) |
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Prime Mover: Iliopsoas
Synergist: Sartorius, Rectus Femoris Antagonist: Gluteus Maximus |
Hip Flexion Muscle Groups (ISRG) |
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Prime Mover: Gluteus Maximus
Synergist: Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus) Antagonist: Iliopsoas, Rectus Femoris |
Hip Extension Muscle Groups (GHIR) |
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Synergist: Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus Antagonist: Rectus Femoris |
Knee Flexion Muscle Groups (BSSR) |
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Prime Mover: Rectus Femoris Synergist: Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis Antagonist: Biceps Femoris |
Knee Extension Muscle Groups (RVVB) |
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Prime Mover: Triceps Surae (Gastrocnemius and Soleus) |
Plantar Flexion (Ankle Extension) Muscle Groups (TFT) |
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Prime Mover: Tibialis Anterior Synergist: Extensor Digitorum Longus Antagonist: Triceps Surae (Gastrocnemius and Soleus) |
Dorsiflexion (Ankle Flexion) Muscles Groups (TET) |
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Prime Mover: Gluteus Medius Synergist: Gluteus Maximus, Tensor Fascia Lata, Rectus Femoris Antagonist: Adductors |
Hip Abduction Muscle Groups (GGTRA) |
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Prime Mover: Adductors Synergist: Pectineus, Gracilis Antagonist: Gluteus Medius |
Hip Adduction Muscle Groups (APGG) |
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Rectus Abdominis External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus Abdominis -Flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column. |
Name 4 abdominal muscles and their function. |
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Bell's Palsy |
Sudden weakness in the muscles on one half of the face |
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- Make expressions - Insertions are in skin or other muscles, not bones |
What is unique about facial muscles? (2) |
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Zygomaticus |
Muscle that raises lateral corners of mouth toa smile. |