Anatomy Chapter 1

Front 1

Theory

Back 1

A hypothesis that has been proven by experiments to have a high degree of confidence.

Front 2

Law

Back 2

A theory that has an unusually high level of confidence.

Front 3

Anatomy

Back 3

The science of the normal structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.

Front 4

Gross Anatomy

Back 4

Study of the body and its parts using only the naked eye.

Front 5

Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)

Back 5

Study of body parts using a microscope.

Front 6

Cytology

Back 6

The study of cells.

Front 7

Histology

Back 7

The study of tissues.

Front 8

Developmental Anatomy

Back 8

Study of human growth and development.

Front 9

Pathological Anatomy

Back 9

Study of diseased body structures.

Front 10

Systemic Anatomy

Back 10

Study of the body by systems.

Front 11

#1 Physiology

#2 Named According to...

Back 11

#1 Science of the normal functions of organisms.
#2 *Organism involved: Plant/Human
*Organizational Level: mollecular or cellular
*Systemic Function: Repiratory, neurovascular, ect.

Front 12

Autopoisis

Back 12

Living organisms are self-organized and self-maintaining.

Front 13

Cell Theory

Back 13

If it is made up of one or more cells, it is alive.

Front 14

Metabolism

Back 14

Sum total of all physical and chemical reactions occurring in the living body.

Front 15

Chemical Level

Back 15

Organization of atoms, molecules and macromolecules in a living matter - a gel called cytoplasm.

Front 16

Organelle Level

Back 16

Chemical structures organized to form organelles that perform individual functions (ie: Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, Ect)

Front 17

Cellular Level

Back 17

Cells - Smallest and most numerous units that possess and exhibit characteristics of life.

Front 18

Tissue Level

Back 18

An organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function.

4 Major Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Front 19

Organ Level

Back 19

Organization of several different kinds of tissues to perform a special function.

Front 20

System Level

Back 20

Various organs combined to perform complex functions.

Front 21

Organization Level Order.....

Back 21

Chemical, Organelle, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism

Front 22

Anatomical Position

Back 22

Body erect with arms at side and palms facing forward, head and feet point forward.

Front 23

Ipsilateral

Back 23

Structures are on the same side of the body in anatomical position.

Front 24

Contralateral

Back 24

Structures are on opposite sides of the body in anatomical position.

Front 25

Ventral Body Cavity (Whats Included)

Back 25

Thoracic Cavity (Right & Left Plueral Cavities and Mediastinum)

Abdominopelvic Cavity (Abdominal & Pelvic Cavities)

Front 26

Dorsal Body Cavity (Whats Included)

Back 26

Cranial and Spinal Cavity

Front 27

Axial Subdivision (Whats Included)

Back 27

Head, Neck, Torso(Trunk)

Front 28

Appendicular Subdivision (Whats Included)

Back 28

Upper & lower extremities and subdivisions

Front 29

Abdominal Regions (8)

Back 29

Right Hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left Hypochondriac
Right Lumbar
Umbilical
Left Lumbar
Right Iliac (Inguinal)
Hypogastric
Left Iliac (Inguinal)

Front 30

Abdonimopelvic Quadrants

Back 30

Right Upper
Right Lower
Left Upper
Left Lower

Front 31

Study Directional Terms

Back 31

Superior, Inferior, Anterior(ventral), Posterior (dorsal), Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal, Superficial, Deep

Front 32

Lumen

Back 32

Hollow area of organs such as the stomach, small intestine, or blood vessels.

Front 33

Medullary

Back 33

Inner region of an organ.

Front 34

Cortical

Back 34

Outter region or layer of an organ.

Front 35

Basal

Back 35

Base or the widest part of an organ.

Front 36

Apical

Back 36

Narrow tip of an organ.

Front 37

Saggital Plane

Back 37

Divide body into left and right portions. (In the middle it is midsaggital)

Front 38

Frontal (coronal) Plane

Back 38

Runs side to side and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Front 39

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

Back 39

Divides the body into upper and lower portions.

Front 40

Endomorph

Back 40

Heavy, rounded physique with accumulation of fat.
Apple shaped: More fat in the waist (belly).
Pear Shaped: More fat in the hips.

Front 41

Mesomorph

Back 41

Muscular physique.

Front 42

Ectomorph

Back 42

Thin often fragile physique with little fat.

Front 43

Homeostasis

Back 43

Body adjusts important variables from a normal set point in an acceptable or normal range.
Examples: Temperature regulation, Regulation of blood glucose level.

Front 44

Sensor Mechanism

Back 44

Specific sensors detect and react to any changes from normal.

Front 45

Integtrating or Control Center

Back 45

Information is analyzed and integrated, and then, if needed, a specific action is initiated.

Front 46

Effector Mechanism

Back 46

Effectors directly influence controlled physiological variables.

Front 47

Feedback

Back 47

Process of information about a variable constantly flowing back from the sensor to the integrator.

Front 48

Negative Feedback

Back 48

Produce an action that is opposite to the change that activated the system.
Are responsible for maintaining homeostasis.

Front 49

Posistive Feedback

Back 49

Bring specific body functions to swift completion.....childbirth is an example.

Front 50

Intracellular Control

Back 50

Regulation within cells, Genes or enzymes can regulate cell processes.

Front 51

Intrinsic Control (auto regulation)

Back 51

Regulation within tissues or organs. May involve chemical symbols. May involve other built-in mechanisms.

Front 52

Extrinsic Control

Back 52

Regulation from organ to organ. May involve nerve signals. May involve endocrine signals.