Anatomy Unit 1 (Ch 1-3)

Front 1

4 Forms of Energy

Back 1

Chemical
Electrical
Mechanical
Radiant or Electromagnetic

Front 2

Electrical Energy

Back 2

Resulting from the movement of charged particles (often called "ions")

Front 3

Deep (Internal)

Back 3

Away from the body surface; more internal

Front 4

Sagittal Plane: Exact Halves

Back 4

Median or Midsagittal Plane

Front 5

Planes

Back 5

The cuts that divide the body

Front 6

Energy

Back 6

Cannot be directly seen, observed, or felt; either potential or kinetic

Front 7

Histology

Back 7

Study of Tissues

Front 8

Organ System

Back 8

Organs working together to accomplish a common purpose

Front 9

Superior (Cranial)

Back 9

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Front 10

Organism

Back 10

The sum of all the structural levels working together to promote life

Front 11

Organ

Back 11

Composed of 2 (but more commonly 4) tissues that carries out a specific function; complex functions are possible

Front 12

Axial

Back 12

Head, neck, trunk

Front 13

Homeostatic Imbalances

Back 13

A disturbance of normal homeostasis, often associated with disease

Front 14

8 Necessary Life Functions

Back 14

Maintaining Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness (Irritability)
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

Front 15

Appendicular

Back 15

The appendages or limbs

Front 16

Positive Feedback

Back 16

Intensifies the output activity, leading to a cascade of events

Front 17

Regional Terms

Back 17

Specific regions of the body

Front 18

Anterior (Ventral)

Back 18

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Front 19

Survival Needs

Back 19

Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal Body Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure

Front 20

Sagittal Plane

Back 20

Divides the body into right and left halves

Front 21

Homeostasis

Back 21

Maintaining of fairly stable internal conditions, in spite of changes in the external environment; state of balance within narrow limits, and not a total lack of change internally

Front 22

Inferior (Caudal)

Back 22

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Front 23

Sections

Back 23

The view of those planes

Front 24

Abdominal Cavity

Back 24

Housing the digestive organs

Front 25

Negative Feedback

Back 25

The output shuts off or decreases the intensity of the input. They move in the opposite direction of the original stimulating change.

Front 26

3 Components of a Control

Back 26

1. Receptor
2. Control Center
3. Effector

Front 27

Receptor

Back 27

A sensor that monitors the variable

Front 28

Control Center

Back 28

Determines the set point, analyzes the data from the receptor, and determines the appropriate response

Front 29

Effector

Back 29

Provides the means for the control center's output. Info is then fed back to determine what actions are needed next.

Front 30

Thoracic Cavity

Back 30

2 pleural cavities and the mediastinum (containing the pericardial cavity)

Front 31

Distal

Back 31

Farther from the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 32

Transverse or Horizontal Plane (Cross Section)

Back 32

Runs horizontally from right to left

Front 33

Frontal or Coronal Plane

Back 33

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Front 34

Intermediate

Back 34

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

Front 35

Oblique Sections

Back 35

Diagonal to horizontal and vertical planes

Front 36

Variable

Back 36

Factor being regulated

Front 37

Proximal

Back 37

Closer to the point of origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 38

Ventral Body Cavity

Back 38

The largest body cavity, which contains the visceral organs (or viscera); divided by the diaphragm.

Front 39

Superficial (External)

Back 39

Toward or at the body surface

Front 40

Posterior (Dorsal)

Back 40

Toward or at the back of the body; behind.

Front 41

Medial

Back 41

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Front 42

Lateral

Back 42

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Front 43

Matter

Back 43

The "stuff" which makes up the universe. It can largely be seen, felt, measured, smelled, or otherwise perceived. It has mass, which is equivalent to weight on earth. It exists as solid, liquid, or gas states.

Front 44

Mechanical Energy

Back 44

Directly involved in moving matter.

Front 45

Pelvic Cavity

Back 45

Houses the bladder, reproductive organs, and the rectum.

Front 46

4 Abdomino-Pelvic Quadrants

Back 46

Divided by 1 transverse and 1 median plane into 4 quadrants:
Right Upper, Right Lower
Left Upper, Left Lower

Front 47

Neutralization

Back 47

When acids and bases unite, forming a salt (dissolved) and water

Front 48

Dorsal Body Cavity

Back 48

Divided into the cranial cavity (containing the brain) and vertebral or spinal cavity running within the vertebral column (containing the spinal cord).

Front 49

Chemical Energy

Back 49

Stored in bonds of chemical substances.

Front 50

Water's 5 Vital Properties

Back 50

High heat capacity
High heat of vaporization
Polar solvent properties
Reactivity
Cushioning

Front 51

Bases

Back 51

Chemically they donate OH- and are proton acceptors.

Front 52

Acids

Back 52

chemically they donate H+ and are defined as proton donors; they have a pH less than 7.

Front 53

Inorganic Compounds

Back 53

Everything else; of interest to us are water, salts, and acids/bases

Front 54

Radiant or Electromagnetic Energy

Back 54

Energy that travels in waves

Front 55

Molecular Weight

Back 55

How much mass an atom of an element contains; this is based on the protons and netrons in the nucleus of the atom, as electrons contribute essentially no mass.

Front 56

Organic Compounds

Back 56

Those that contain carbon, with the carbons covalently bonded into large or very large molecules.

Front 57

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Back 57

The entire range of electromagnetic energy

Front 58

The Law of the Conservation of Matter & Energy

Back 58

Matter and energy can be interconverted, but neither is created nor destroyed.

Front 59

2 Properties of Atoms

Back 59

1. Molecular Weight
2. Electrons in the outer shell

Front 60

Steriods

Back 60

Flat molecules with 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings.

Front 61

Phospholipids

Back 61

Modified triglycerides with 2 fatty acid groups and a phosphorus group.

Front 62

Eicosanoids

Back 62

20-carbon fatty acids found in cell membranes

Front 63

Triglyceride (Neutral Fat)

Back 63

Composed of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule.

Front 64

Salts

Back 64

Compounds that have cations other than H+ and anions other than OH-; easily dissociate and form ions capable of carrying a charge. Important in nerve signal transmission.

Front 65

Chemical Level

Back 65

Atoms combine and form molecules, such as water and protein. These form organelles within cells.

Front 66

Cellular Level

Back 66

The cells, which vary according to location and function.

Front 67

Anatomy

Back 67

Study of the structures of the body in relation to one another.

Front 68

Tissue Level

Back 68

Groups of similar cells with a common function.

Front 69

4 Types of Tissue

Back 69

Epithelium
Muscle
Connective
Nervous

Front 70

Physiology

Back 70

Study of the functions of the body; that is, how it works.