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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many cells does an average person have
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100 trillion
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What are a group of similar cells, and extracellular products, that carry out some function or functions
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Tissues
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What are the four tissue types
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1. epithelial
2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous |
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This type of tissue forms barriers, separating different regions
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Epithelial tissue
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this type of tissue supports tissues and has large amounts of extracellular matrix that surrounds the cells
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Connective tissue
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This type of tissue can contract, to generate force. Electrically exciteable
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Muscle tissue
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Excitable tissue that processes information and performs signalling
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Nervous tissue
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Where do you find epithelial tissue?
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It lines all body surfaces and cavities
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What do epithelial tissue do
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They are barriers between two regions
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This type of tissue forms most glands
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Epithelial tissue
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What are some characteristics of epithelial tissue
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1.apical (top) and basal (bottom)
2. they attach to the basement membrane 3. avascular |
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Whats the purpose of the basement membrane on epithelial tissue?
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anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue
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Epithelial tissue is avascular. What does that mean?
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No blood vessels penetrate the epithelial surface
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What are the four types of attachements connecting epithelial cells
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1. tight junctions
2. adhering junctions 3. desmosomes 4. gap junctions |
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Seals epithelium cells together near apical end and prevents leakage between cells
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Tight junction
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Forms a supporting belt that attaches cells to their neigbors. Usually deep to the ring of a tight junction
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adhering junctions
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Like button snaps. Povide resistance to physical stress
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Desmosomes
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What are the functions of epithelial tissue
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1. protect
2. selective permeability 3. secretions 4. sensation (cooperates with NS |
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What are the two ways to classify epithelia
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1. number of cell layers
2. cell shape |
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Type of epithelium that is one layer thick. Found where mechanical stresses are low. Good at aborption and secretion
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Simple epithelium
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Type of epithelium that is two or more layers thick and found where abrasion and stresses are higher
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Stratified epithelium
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Type of epithelium where all cells contact basement membrane but not all reach the apical surface. They have protective and secretive functions
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pseudostratified
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What layer do you look at when classifying by cell shape
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The most superficial
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Type of epithelium that is flat and looks like a fried egg
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squamous epithelium
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Type of epithelium that has the same width as height
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Cuboidal
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Type of epithelium that is taller than they are wide
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columnar
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Type of epithelium thats shape changes when they are stretched
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Transitional
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What type of epithelium lines the outer layer of the skin
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Keratinized stratified, squamous
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What type of epithelium lines the mouth and esophagus
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stratified squamous
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What type of epithelium makes alveoli and lines blood vessels
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simple squamous
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What type of epithelium lines the stomach and intestine
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Simple columnar
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What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity, larynx and trachea
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Ciliated, pseudostratified columnar
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What type of epithelium lines the bladder
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Transitional
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What type of epithelium can be ciliated
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Columnar
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What type of epithelium can be keratinized
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Stratified squamous
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What does it mean when epithelium is keratinized
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The apical cell layer is made of dead cells that contain large amounts of keratin, which makes them toug, These cells are continuously replaced from cells that are deeper
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How do glands form?
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They form as epithelial regions fold into the underlying connective tissue
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What type of gland produces hormones?
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endocrine
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What type of glands secrete products onto surface
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Exocrine
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What type of unicellular exocrine gland secretes mucin, which forms mucus in the respiratory system
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Goblet cells
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What are the different types of cells classified by cell shape
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1. squamous
2. cuboidal 3. columnar 4. Transitional |
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What are the different types of cells classified by layers
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1. simple
2. stratified 3. pseudostratified |
