Anatomy Cards

Front 1

Apex

Back 1

Pointed end of a conical structure. (blunt point of the lower edge of the heart lies on the diaphragm, pointing towards the left)

Front 2

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Back 2

Combined external cardiac (heart) massage and artificial respiration.

Front 3

Atrium/Atria/Receiving Chambers

Back 3

The two upper chambers are called atria and the two lower chambers are called ventricles.

Atria - smaller than ventricles and walls are thinner and less muscular (called receiving chambers because blood enters the heart through veins that open into these upper cavities.

Definition - chamber or cavity; Atrium of each side of the heart

Front 4

Ventricles/Discharging chambers

Back 4

The two upper chambers are called atria and the two lower chambers are called ventricles.

Discharging chambers occurs when blood is pumped from the heart into arteries that exit from the ventricles.

Definition - small cavities.

Front 5

Myocardium

Back 5

Definition - Muscle of the heart.

Front 6

Endocardium

Back 6

Thin layer of very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart

Front 7

Endocarditis

Back 7

Inflammation of the lining of the heart

Front 8

Thrombus

Back 8

Stationary blood clot.

Stationary - doesn't move.

Front 9

Pericardium

Back 9

Definition - Membrane that surrounds the heart.

- The heart has a covering and a lining, it's cover is called the pericardium.

- Has 2 layers of fibrous tissue with a small space in between. Called visceral pericardium or epicardium and parietal pericardium.

Endocardium - Lines the heart chambers

Epicardium - covers the surface of the heart

Front 10

Visceral pericardium or epicardium

Back 10

Inner layer of the PERICARDIUM.

- Covers the heart, the way an apple skin covers an apple.

Front 11

Parietal pericardium

Back 11

Outer layer of the pericardium

- Fits around the heart allowing like a loose fitting sack allowing enough room for the heart to beat.

Front 12

Pericarditis

Back 12

When the pericardium becomes inflamed

Front 13

Systle

Back 13

Contraction of the heart muscle

Front 14

Diastole

Back 14

Relaxation of the heart.

Front 15

Atrioventricular Valves (AV)

Back 15

2 valves (Bicuspid/Mitral valve, tricuspid valve) that separate the atrial chambers from the ventricles.

Front 16

Bicuspid valve/Mitral valve

Back 16

Located between the left atrium and ventricle.

Sometimes called mitral valve

Front 17

Tricuspid valve

Back 17

Located between the right atrium and the ventricle.

Front 18

Semilunar Valves (SL)

Back 18

Located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart when contraction occurs.

Front 19

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 19

Located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery and allows blood going to the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle but stops it from flowing back into the ventricle.

Front 20

Aortic semilunar valve

Back 20

Located at the beginning of the aorta and allows blood to flow out of the left ventricle up into the aorta but stops backflow into this ventricle.

Front 21

Superior Vena Cava

Back 21

1 of 2 large veins returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

Front 22

Inferior Vena Cava

Back 22

1 of 2 large veins carrying blood into the right atrium.

Front 23

Pulmonary Artery

Back 23

Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Front 24

Pulmonary vein

Back 24

Any vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Front 25

Aorta

Back 25

Main and largest artery in the body

Front 26

Pulmonary circulation

Back 26

Venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium.

Front 27

Systematic circulation

Back 27

Blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium

Front 28

Coronary circulation

Back 28

Delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium (heart muscle)

Front 29

Right and left coronary arteries

Back 29

Blood flows into the heart muscle by way of two small vessels

Front 30

Coronary embolism

Back 30

Blocking of a coronary blood vessel by a clot

Front 31

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Back 31

Death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply as in coronary thrombosis

Front 32

Angina Pectoris

Back 32

Severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen.

Front 33

Coronary bypass surgery

Back 33

Surgery to relieve severely restricted coronary blood flow

Front 34

Angioplasty

Back 34

A device is inserted into a blood vessel to open a channel for blood flow.

Front 35

Angioplasty

Back 35

A device is inserted into a blood vessel to open a channel for blood flow.

Front 36

Cardiac Veins

Back 36

Any vein that carries blood from the myocardial capillary beds to the coronary sinus

Front 37

Angioplasty

Back 37

A device is inserted into a blood vessel to open a channel for blood flow.

Front 38

Cardiac Veins

Back 38

Any vein that carries blood from the myocardial capillary beds to the coronary sinus

Front 39

Coronary sinus

Back 39

Area that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium

Front 40

Cardiac cycle

Back 40

Each complete heartbeat, including contraction and relaxation of the atria and venticles

Front 41

Stroke volume

Back 41

Volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat

Front 42

Stroke volume

Back 42

Volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat

Front 43

Cardiac output

Back 43

Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute

Front 44

Stroke volume

Back 44

Volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat

Front 45

Cardiac output

Back 45

Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute

Front 46

Intercalated disks

Back 46

Electrical connectors that join muscle fibers into a single unit that can conduct an impulse through the entire wall of a heart chamber without stopping.

Front 47

Sinoatrial mode (pacemaker)

Back 47

Where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts. Located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava

Front 48

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

Back 48

Small mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue; part of the conduction system of the heart

Front 49

AV Bundle (Bundle of His)

Back 49

Fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the AV NODE to the ventricles.

Front 50

Purkinje fibers

Back 50

Specialized cells located in the walls of ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the AV node to the ventricles causing them to contract.

Front 51

Artificial Pacemaker

Back 51

Electrical device that causes ventricular contractions at a rate fast enough to maintain an adequate circulation of blood.

Front 52

Artificial Pacemaker

Back 52

Electrical device that causes ventricular contractions at a rate fast enough to maintain an adequate circulation of blood.

Front 53

Depoloarization

Back 53

Electrical activity that triggers contraction of the heart muscle

Front 54

Repolarization

Back 54

Phase that begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity.

Front 55

Electrocardiograph

Back 55

Machine that produces electrocardiograms

- Graphic records of the hearts electrical activity

Front 56

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Back 56

Graphic record of the hearts action potentials

Front 57

P wave

Back 57

Deflection on an ECG that occurs with the depolarization of the atria

Front 58

P wave

Back 58

Deflection on an ECG that occurs with the depolarization of the atria

Front 59

QRS Complex

Back 59

Deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result if depolarization of the ventricles

Front 60

P wave

Back 60

Deflection on an ECG that occurs with the depolarization of the atria

Front 61

QRS Complex

Back 61

Deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result if depolarization of the ventricles

Front 62

T wave

Back 62

Deflection on the electrocardiogram that occurs with repolarization of the ventricles.