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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of Blood (6)
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- Transportation
- PH regulation - Water regulation - defense (WBC) - restrict fluid losses - stabilize body temp |
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Composition of blood. (%)
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45% plasma - (90% water, 2% other, 8% proteins)
55% euthrocytes 1% buffy coat- WBC&Platelets |
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Erythrocytes - hemoglobin
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hemoglobin is a protein that O2 & CO2 sticks to & it makes up 97% of a RBC
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Erythrocytes- role
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transport 02 & c02
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RBC life span
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male - 120 days
female - 110 days. spleen- graveyard |
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Formation RBC
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in the RED BONE MARROW of bones (long bones)
1) low 02 levels 2) kidney releases erythopoietin which stimulates red bone marrow 3) enhanced erythopotetin increases RBC count 4) increases 02 carrying availability of the blood |
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Universal Donor
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O
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Universal Reciever
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AB
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Has A antibodies
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Type B
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Has B antigens
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type B
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Has no antibodies
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AB
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Has AB antibodies & can only receive from O
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O
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Diapedesis
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Cell squeezing through a capillary wall into other tissues
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Chemotaxis
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Trail left behind by WBC to lead other WBC to problem
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Neutrophils
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Clean. Most common.
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Eosinophils
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Anti-inflammatory & fight off worm parasites. Often involved in allergies.
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Basophils
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Least common. Inflammatory response, releases heparin to stop blood from clotting.
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Lymphocytes - B
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smallest WBC. create antibodies when stimulated by bacteria
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Lymphocytes- T
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Protect against viruses by attacking cells.
- tumor cells - tissue graft |
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Monocytes
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largest WBC, in cirulation 2-3 days then turn into macro-phages
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Macrophages
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break down bacteria & other debri.
increase in macrophages=chronic infection |
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WBC formation.
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when body is under attack colony stimulating horomones act on marrow tissue & stem cells, then the WBC that are needed are formed.
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Thrombocytes Characteristics
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(Platelets). no nucleus, packets of cytoplasam, produced in red marrow, blood clotting
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Substances needed to keep blood from clotting
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Heparin, antithrombin, oxygenated vitamin E
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Fibrinolysis
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Plasminogen (trapped inside clots) gets a signal when tissue is healed & releases plasmin which digests the fibrin of the clot
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Homeostasis- Vascular stage
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Cut, muscle spasam tightens to release less blood
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Homeostasis- Platelet Phase
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Platelets swell, form spikes & become sticky
Platelets attach to collagen & THROMBIN causes them to release chemicals which stimulates other platelets to become active fibrin bridges form between platelets |
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Homeostasis- Coagulation -1) Extrensic
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fast, activated by damaged endotheial cells releasing tissue factor
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Homeostasis-Coagulation 2) intrensic
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slower, makes clot stable, happens when blood comes into contact with collagen. thromboplastin formed
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Homeostasis- Coagulation- 3) Common pathway
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tissue thromplastin+platelet thromboplastin=factor x
- X turns prothrombin into thrombin - thrombin finishes clotting by changing fibrogen into fibrin - fibrin traps platelets & blood cells in mesh creating gel like substance |
