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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the (3) bones of the arm and forearm?
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Humerus
Ulna Radius |
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What are the eight carpal bones?
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(SLTP TTCH)
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate |
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Which carpal bone has poor blood supply?
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Scaphoid
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Which two carpal bones articulate with the radius?
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Scaphoid and Lunate
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What ligaments stabilize the hand in the presence of a single metacarpal fracture?
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(Deep) Transverse metacarpal ligament
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Describe Colles fracture.
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Fracture of the distal end of the radius, most common in elderly.
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What is the most common upper limb fracture in children?
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Wrist fracture: fracture of the scaphoid--poor healing due to poor blood supply.
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What portion of the scaphoid can become necrotic following a fracture?
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proximal portion
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What axes of rotation are allowed by the GH joint?
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AP
Vertical Transverse |
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What movement is allowed by the Humeroulnar joint?
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Flex/extension on the transverse axis
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Describe movement of the radioulnar joint.
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Rotation on vertical axis
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Describe movement of the radiocarpal joint.
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F/E on transverse axis
Abduction and adduction on the AP axis |
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Describe movement of the humeroulnar joint.
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F/E on the transverse axis
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What movements are allowed by the interphalangeal joint?
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F/E on the transverse
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What movements are allowed by the 1st and 5th carpometacarpal joints?
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Adduct/abduction, F/E, and rotation
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When does the subclavian become the axillary?
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Subclavian turns into axillary after crossing the first rib
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When does the axillary artery end?
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At the lower border of teres major
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What structure splits the axillary into three segments?
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Pectoralis minor
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Why can the brachial artery be ligated distal to the profunda?
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Because of numerous recurrents and anastomoses around the elbow
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Where does the lymph from the arm go?
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With the cephalic vein or to the axillary nodes
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Describe the boundaries of the axilla.
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Anterior: Pect. major
Posterior: Lat. dorsi Medial: Serratus anterior Lateral: Humerus |
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What tendons/muscles can be found between the latissimus dorsi tendon in the axilla and the scapula?
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Teres major tendon
Subscapularis muscle |
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What nerve runs down the medial wall of the axilla?
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Long thoracic nerve
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What muscle is attached to the anterior medial border of the scapula?
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Serratus anterior
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What structures are found in the axillary sheath?
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Axillary artery and vein
Lateral cord Medial cord Posterior cord |
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What structure passes through the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?
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long head of the biceps tendon
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What are the (5) roots of the brachial plexus?
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C5-C8
T1 |
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Describe the segmental innervation of the upper limb.
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C5,6: Shoulder
C6,7: Elbow C7,8: Wrist C8,T1: Hand |
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What dermatome innervates the thumb?
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C6
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What dermatome innervates the ring and little finger?
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C8
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What nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the hand?
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Radial
Ulnar Median |
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What nerves give cutaneous innervation to the finger tips?
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Median
Ulner |
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Cutaneous radial innervation of the hand is mostly where?
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Posterior hand
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What finger gets cutaneous innervation from three different sources?
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ring finger
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What are the branches off of the branchial plexus roots?
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dorsal scapular
long thoracic |
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What is the branch off of the branchial plexus trunk?
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suprascapular
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Damage to which plexus trunk would cause most dramatic shoulder paralysis?
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Upper trunk
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Describe Erb-Duchenne palsy.
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Damage to the upper trunk (C5, C6)
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Describe Klumpke's paralysis.
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Damage to the lower trunk (C7, C8, T1)
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Damage to which plexus trunk would most effect hand movements?
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Lower trunk
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Why does Klumpke's palsy cause Horner's syndrome?
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Interruption of fibers to cervical sympathetic trunk
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What structure separates the two compartments of the arm?
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Intermuscular septum (Deep fascia)
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What are the muscles of the anterior arm?
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Biceps
Coracobrachialis Brachialis |
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What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment?
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musculocutaneous
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Where does the short head of the biceps brachii attach?
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Coracoid process
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What attaches to the radial tuberosity?
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Biceps tendon
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What attaches to the ulnar tuberosity?
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Brachialis
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What can result from damage to the axillary nerve?
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Severely weakened abduction and weakened lateral rotation
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What can result from damage to the musculocutaneous nerve?
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no forearm flexion
weakened arm flexion |
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What can result from damage to the radial nerve?
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no forearm extension
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What five superficial/intermediate muscles arise from the medial epicondyle?
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Palmaris longus
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis |
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What (3) deep muscles in the anterior arm arise from the interosseus, ulnar, or radius?
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Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus |
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What are the two pronators of the forearm?
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teres and quadratus
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What are the (3) wrist flexors?
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Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus |
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What (3) flexors are responsible for finger flexion?
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Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus |
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Which muscle forms the deep flexors of the fingers?
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Flexor digitorum profundus
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What muscle forms the superficial flexors of the fingers?
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Flexor digitorum superficialis
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The ulnar nerve innervates which anterior forearm muscles? The rest are innervated by ...
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Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial two heads of the Flexor digitorum profundus.
Median nerve |
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Flexor pollicis longus acts on the ...
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thumb
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How many intrinsic muscles are in the dorsum of the hand?
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None
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What are the four division of hand muscles?
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Thenar
Hypothenar Lumbricals Interossei |
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What are the (3) thenar muscles?
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OAF
Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis |
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What are the (3) hypothenar muscles?
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OAF
Opponens digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi |
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What nerves pass through the thenar and hypothenar compartments?
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Thenar: Median
Hypothenar: Ulnar |
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Describe Dupuytren's contracture.
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Disease of the palmar fascia causing thickening and shortening of fibrous bands on the palmar surface of the hand and fingers
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Which artery and nerve pass into the hand but not through the carpal tunnel?
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Ulnar artery and nerve
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What are the 9 tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel?
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(4) Flexor digitorum superficialis
(4) Flexor digitorum profundus (1) Flexor pollicis longus |
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What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?
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Median nerve
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The lumbricals arise from the tendons of ...
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the flexor digitorum profundus
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What nerves innervates the lumbricals?
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Median and ulnar nerves
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Where do the interosseous muscles arise from?
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The metacarpals
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What hand muscles insert into the extensor hood?
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Lumbricals and the interosseous muscles
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Infections of the 2nd tendon sheath can spread into the ...
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thenar space
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Infections that spread into the midpalmar space can originate from ...
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3+4 tendon sheaths
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All of the muscles in the posterior compartment are innervated by ...
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the radial nerve
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What nerve supplies majority of the cutaneous sensory innervation to the posterior hand?
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radial nerve
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What nerve can be damaged with a medial epicondyle fracture?
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Ulnar nerve
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Describe the most significant feature of ulnar nerve palsy.
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Loss of innervation to the interossei muscles, resulting in "Claw hand"
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Why doesn't ulnar nerve palsy effect digits 2/3?
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Those lumbricals still work,
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Damage to what nerve can cause ape-hand?
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median nerve in the carpal tunnel
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