Anatomy: Axilla, Arm, And Forearm

Front 1

What are the margins of the AXILLARY INLET?

Back 1

Posterior: scapula
Medial: rib I
Anterior: clavicle

Front 2

What structures enter the AXILLARY SHEATH?

Back 2

Brachial Plexus and Axillary Artery

Front 3

What major vessels and nerves pass between the neck and axilla by crossing over RIB I and through axillary inlet?

Back 3

Subclavian artery-->AXILLARY ARTERY
Subclavian vein <-- AXILLARY VEIN
Trunks of Brachial Plexus--> DIVISIONS --> CORDS OF PLEXUS

Front 4

T or F
The subclavian vein is outside the axillary sheath.

Back 4

TRUE

Front 5

What structure divides the subclavian vein and subclavian artery?

Back 5

Anterior Scalene Muscle

Front 6

T or F
The axilla contains various groups of lymph nodes.

Back 6

TRUE. -drain upper limb and chest wall

Front 7

Which part of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS is located in the axilla?

Back 7

Cords (superior, middle, inferior)

Front 8

What part of the brachial plexus does the LATERAL PECTORAL NERVE arise from?

Back 8

lateral (C5-7) CORD

Front 9

What part of the brachial plexus does the MEDIAL PECTORAL NERVE arise from?

Back 9

Medial (C8-T1) CORD

Front 10

What innervates the PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE?

Back 10

BOTH: Lateral AND medial pectoral nerves

Front 11

Nerve that innervates PECTORALIS MINOR MUSCLE

Back 11

Medial Pectoral Nerve

Front 12

Result of damage to LATERAL and MEDIAL PECTORAL NERVES

Back 12

weakened adduction
weakened medial rotation of arm

Front 13

Name the muscles of the ANTERIOR WALL of AXILLA

Back 13

Subclavius muscle
Pectoralis Major m.
Pectoralis Minor m.

Front 14

Name the muscles of the POSTERIOR WALL of AXILLA

Back 14

Subscapularis m.
Suprascapularis m.
Infrascapularis m.
Teres Major m.
Latissimus Dorsi m.

Front 15

Nerve that travels through SUPRASCAPULAR FORAMEN

Back 15

Suprascapular n.

Front 16

Muscles innervated by SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE

Back 16

Supraspinatus m.
Infraspinatus m.

Front 17

Nerve that innervates SUPRASPINATUS MUSCLE and INFRASPINATUS MUSCLE

Back 17

Suprascapular n.

Front 18

What part of the brachial plexus does the SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE arise from?

Back 18

Superior Trunk

Front 19

Nerve that innervates the SUBCLAVIUS MUSCLE

Back 19

Nerve to Subclavius m.

Front 20

What part of the brachial plexus does the NERVE TO SUBCLAVIUS MUSCLE arise from?

Back 20

Superior Trunk

Front 21

Suprascapular notch and ligament forms this structure

Back 21

SUPRASCAPULAR FORAMEN

Front 22

Results of entrapped suprascapular nerve in suprascapular foramen

Back 22

**Difficulty initiating abduction by Supraspinatus m.
Weak external rotation of arm by infraspinatus m.

Front 23

Nerve that innervates SUBSCAPULARIS MUSCLE

Back 23

BOTH: Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves

Front 24

Nerve that innervates TERES MAJOR MUSCLE

Back 24

Lower Subscapular n.

Front 25

What part of the brachial plexus do the UPPER and LOWER SUBSCAPULAR NERVES branch from?

Back 25

POSTERIOR CORD (C5-6)

Front 26

Result of injury by surgery or tumor to UPPER and LOWER SUBSCAPULAR NERVES

Back 26

weakened Medial rotation

Front 27

Nerve that innervates LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE

Back 27

Thoracodorsal n.
aka Middle Subscapular n.

Front 28

What part of the brachial plexus does the THORACODORSAL NERVE branch from?

Back 28

POSTERIOR CORD (C6-8)

Front 29

Damage to this nerve results in difficulty doing chin-ups and walking with crutches

Back 29

Thoracodorsal n.

Front 30

Name 2 nerves at risk during RADICAL MASTECTOMY

Back 30

Thoracodorsal n.(latissimus dorsi m)
Long Thoracic n. (serratus anterior m)

Front 31

Results of damage to THORACODORSAL NERVE

Back 31

weakened adduction
weakened medial rotation
weakened extension of arm

Front 32

Nerve that innervates DELTOID MUSCLE AND TERES MINOR MUSCLE

Back 32

Axillary nerve

Front 33

AXILLARY NERVE innervates these muscles of the arm

Back 33

deltoid m.
teres minor m.

Front 34

What part of the brachial plexus does the AXILLARY NERVE arise from?

Back 34

Posterior Cord (C5-6)

Front 35

Nerve around SURGICAL NECK OF HUMERUS

Back 35

Axillary n.

Front 36

Nerve found in QUADRANGULAR SPACE

Back 36

Axillary n.

Front 37

Neurovascular structures in QUADRANGULAR SPACE

Back 37

Axillary n.
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Front 38

Result of injury by fracture of surgical neck of humerus or should dislocation to AXILLARY NERVE

Back 38

difficulty aBducting arm after initial 15degrees

Front 39

Nerve affected if fracture to SURGICAL NECK OF HUMERUS

Back 39

Axillary n.

Front 40

Muscle responsible for initial 15degrees aBduction

Back 40

SUPRASPINATUS m. (suprascapular n.)

Front 41

Muscle/s responsible for aBduction after initial 15degrees

Back 41

Deltoid m. and teres minor m (axillary n.)

Front 42

Structures of the INFERIOR WALL of AXILLA

Back 42

Axillary fascia
dome of skin on floor

Front 43

CLAVIPECTORAL FASCIA surrounds these muscles

Back 43

Subclavius m.
Pectoralis minor m.

Front 44

Continuation of CLAVIPECTORAL FASCIA to floor of axilla

Back 44

Axillary fascia

Front 45

Muscle lining MEDIAL WALL OF AXILLA

Back 45

Serratus Anterior m.

Front 46

Nerve that innervates SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE

Back 46

Long Thoracic n.

Front 47

LONG THORACIC NERVE innervates this muscle

Back 47

Serratus anterior m.

Front 48

What part of the spinal nerve formes the LONG THORACIC NERVE?

Back 48

ventral rami of C5-7

Front 49

Result of injury by carrying heavy objects on shoulder, heavy blow, or radical mastectomy to LONG THORACIC NERVE

Back 49

***winging of scapula
inability to aBduct arm above horizontal position

Front 50

Injury to this nerve causes winging of scapula

Back 50

Long thoracic n. (serratus anterior m.)

Front 51

Why is the LONG THORACIC NERVE vulnerable to damage?

Back 51

On external surface of serratus anterior m., just deep to skin and subcutaneous fascia

Front 52

Structure of LATERAL WALL of AXILLA

Back 52

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Front 53

continuation of SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

Back 53

axillary artery

Front 54

continuation of AXILLARY ARTERY

Back 54

brachial artery

Front 55

After this structure "subclavian" name changes to "axillary"

Back 55

Rib I

Front 56

After this structure "axillary" name changes "brachial"

Back 56

inferior margin of Teres Major m.

Front 57

Artery that supplies POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT of ARM

Back 57

Profunda brachii artery

Front 58

Neurovascular structures in RADIAL GROOVE

Back 58

Profunda brachii artery
Radial n.

Front 59

Structure that separates the AXILLARY ARTERY into 3 parts

Back 59

pectoralis minor m.

Front 60

muscle of MEDIAL WALL OF AXILLA

Back 60

Serratus anterior m. (long thoracic n.)

Front 61

Muscle in the LATERAL LIP OF INTERTUBERCULAR SULCUS OF HUMERUS

Back 61

Pectoralis major m.

Front 62

Muscle/s in the MIDDLE AND FLOOR LIP OF INTERTUBERCULAR SULCUS OF HUMERUS

Back 62

Latissimus dorsi m.
teres major m.

Front 63

Name the 2 heads of the BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 63

long head
short head

Front 64

Origin of the SHORT HEAD OF BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 64

tip of CORACOID PROCESS of scapula

Front 65

Origin of the LONG HEAD OF BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 65

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
(Through shoulder joint)

Front 66

Insertion of BOTH HEADS OF BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 66

tuberosity of RADIUS
Antebrachial fascia via BICIPITAL APONEUROSIS

Front 67

How does the BICPES BRACHII MUSCLE insert the antebrachial fascia?

Back 67

via BICIPITAL APONEUROSIS

Front 68

Nerve that innervates BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 68

Musculocutaneous nerve (c5, C6)

Front 69

Musculocutaneous nerve innervates this muscle of the arm

Back 69

Biceps Brachii m.

Front 70

Primary actions of the BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 70

SUPINATES FOREARM
flexes elbow
weakly flexes shoulder

Front 71

Origin of CORACOBRACHIA MUSCLE

Back 71

tip of CORACOID PROCESS of scapula

Front 72

Insertion of CORACOBRACHIA MUSCLE

Back 72

middle 1/3 of medial surface of HUMERUS

Front 73

Action of CORACOBRACHIA MUSCLE

Back 73

FLEXION of arm
Adduction of arm

Front 74

Nerve that innervates CORACOBRACHIALIS MUSCLE

Back 74

Musculocutaneous n. (c5, C6, c7)

Front 75

Nerve that pierces the CORACOBRACHIALIS MUSCLE

Back 75

Musculocutaneous n.

Front 76

Why is the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE @ coracobrachialis muscle level at risk of nerve compression?

Back 76

B/C it pierces coracobrachialis m.

Front 77

Origin of BRACHIALIS MUSCLE

Back 77

distal 1/2 of anterior surface of HUMERUS

Front 78

Insertion of BRACHIALIS MUSCLE

Back 78

tuberosity of ULNA
coronoid process of ULNA

Front 79

Nerve that innervates the BRACHIALIS MUSCLE

Back 79

Musculocutaneous n. (c5, C6)

Front 80

What muscle is considered the "one action, one joint muscle?"

Back 80

Brachialis muscle: action-FLEXION, joint-elbow joint

Front 81

Flexor muscle of forearm

Back 81

brachialis m.

Front 82

Is the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE a motor, sensory, or mixed nerve?

Back 82

mixed motor and sensory nerve

Front 83

Continuation of LATERAL CORD (C5-7)

Back 83

Musculocutaenous nerve

Front 84

What part of the brachial plexus does the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE arise from?

Back 84

directly from LATERAL CORD

Front 85

What 3 muscles does the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE innervate?

Back 85

pierces CORACOBRACHIALIS M. to descend bt BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLES and BRACHIALIS MUSCLE

Front 86

Continuation of MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE

Back 86

LATERAL ANTEBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE

Front 87

What part of the brachial plexus does the LATERAL ANTEBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE arise from?

Back 87

Musculocutaneous nerve

Front 88

Is the MEDIAN NERVE a motor, sensory, or mixed nerve?

Back 88

Mixed motor and sensory nerve

Front 89

What part of the brachial plexus does the MEDIAN NERVE arise from?

Back 89

LATERAL HEAD TO THE MEDIAN NERVE from the LATERAL CORD
MEDIAL HEAD TO THE MEDIAN NERVE from the MEDIAL CORD

Front 90

Nerve in the MEDIAL BICIPITAL GROOVE

Back 90

MEDIAN NERVE

Front 91

Position of MEDIAN NERVE to brachial artery in elbow

Back 91

median n. MEDIAL to brachial a

Front 92

What part of the brachial plexus does the ULNAR NERVE arise from?

Back 92

MEDIAL CORD (C8-T1)

Front 93

Nerve that runs in the POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT of the arm towards its GROOVE on the posterior aspect of the MEDIAL EPICONDYLE?

Back 93

ULNAR NERVE

Front 94

Where can be ULNAR NERVE be located?

Back 94

Posterior compartment of arm
Groove on the posterior aspect of Medial Epicondyle

Front 95

Name the 3 heads of the TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE.

Back 95

Long head
Lateral head
Medial head

Front 96

Origin of the LATERAL HEAD OF TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 96

posterior surface of HUMERUS superior to spiral groove

Front 97

Origin of the MEDIAL HEAD OF TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 97

posterior surface of HUMERUS inferior to spiral groove

Front 98

Origin of the LONG HEAD OF TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 98

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Front 99

Insertion of TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 99

proximal end of OLECRANON

Front 100

Nerve that innervates the TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 100

Radial n. (c6, C7,C8)

Front 101

Primary action of the TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 101

EXTENSOR of shoulder and elbow

Front 102

4th head of the TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE

Back 102

Anconeus muscle

Front 103

Origin of Anconeus muscle

Back 103

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Front 104

Insertion of Aconeus muscle

Back 104

lateral surface of olecranon

Front 105

action of Aconeus muscle

Back 105

assist triceps in extension of elbow

Front 106

nerve that innervates ACONEUS MUSCLE

Back 106

Radial n.

Front 107

direct continuation of POSTERIOR CORD (C5-T1)

Back 107

Radial n.

Front 108

Nerve along RADIAL GROOVE OF HUMERUS

Back 108

Radial n. (after giving off branches to the medial and long heads triceps brachii m.

Front 109

Injury or compression to midshaft of posterior humerus affects this nerve

Back 109

Radial n.

Front 110

Nerve in MEDIAL BICIPITAL GROOVE of HUMERUS

Back 110

median n.

Front 111

Nerve in Groove of medial epicondyle of posterior humerus

Back 111

Ulnar n.

Front 112

nerve in RADIAL GROOVE of HUMERUS

Back 112

Radial n.

Front 113

Structures of the CUBITAL FOSSA

Back 113

(TAN) lateral to medial
Tendon of Biceps Brachii m.
Brachial Artery
Median Nerve

Front 114

Name 3 main superficial veins of the cubital fossa

Back 114

cephalic v (lateral)
basilic v (medial)
median cubital v. (connects cephalic and basilic vv)

Front 115

Structure that separates the median cubital vein from the brachial artery & median nerve

Back 115

Bicipital aponeurosis

Front 116

Name the 2 cutaneous nerves of the roof of Cubital fossa

Back 116

Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous n.
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous n.

Front 117

What part of the brachial plexus does the LATERAL ANTEBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE arise from?

Back 117

terminal branch of musculocutaneous nerve

Front 118

What part of the brachial plexus does the MEDIAL ANTEBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE arise from?

Back 118

branch of MEDIAL CORD

Front 119

Position of radial nerve to cubital fossa

Back 119

radial n. LATERAL to cubital fossa

Front 120

Bifurcations of the Brachial Artery

Back 120

Radial artery
Ulnar artery

Front 121

Do muscles of the flexor compartment of the forearm pronate of supinate hand?

Back 121

pronate

Front 122

Pronation of hand involves rotation of the radius or ulna?

Back 122

radius

Front 123

What term describes the rotation of the radius medially over the ulna?

Back 123

pronation

Front 124

What layer of muscles is associated with movements of wrist joint, flexion of fingers + thumb, and pronation?

Back 124

Superficial layer in the anterior compartment of forearm

Front 125

Origin of Superficial layer of muscles in anterior compartment of foreamr

Back 125

Medial epicondyle except pronator terer ulnar head.

Front 126

nerve that innervates the FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS MUSCLE

Back 126

ulnar n.

Front 127

name the 2 heads of the pronator teres muscle

Back 127

Humeral head
Ulnar head

Front 128

Origin of Humeral head of pronator teres muscle

Back 128

medial epicondyle of humerus

Front 129

Origin of Ulnar head of Pronator teres muscle

Back 129

CORONOID PROCESS OF ULNA

Front 130

Insertion of Pronator teres m.

Back 130

middle of lateral surface of RADIUS

Front 131

Actions of Pronator Teres m.

Back 131

pronation of forearm and flexion of elbow

Front 132

Nerve that innervates Pronator Teres muscle

Back 132

Median n. (c6, C7)

Front 133

Nerve that enters forearm bt the 2 heads of the pronator tere m.

Back 133

median n.

Front 134

Median nerve enters forearm bt heads of this muscle

Back 134

pronator teres m.

Front 135

Median nerve innervates all flexor muscles of the forearm except his muscle

Back 135

Flexor Carpi ulnaris m. (ulnar n.)

Front 136

Insertion of Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle

Back 136

base of 2nd METACARPAL bone (pointer finger)

Front 137

Action of Flexor carpi Radialis muscle

Back 137

Flexes and radially deviates wrist

Front 138

Nerve that innvervates Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle

Back 138

Median n. (c6, C7)

Front 139

Insertion of Palmaris longus muscle

Back 139

distal half of Retinaculum and Palmar aponeurosis

Front 140

Actions of Palmaris longus muscle

Back 140

Flexes wrist joint and tightens palmar aponeurosis

Front 141

Nerve that innervates Palmaris Longus muscle

Back 141

Median n. (c7, c8)

Front 142

muscle tendon in Flexor compartment of forearm absent in 14% of population

Back 142

Palmaris longus muscle

Front 143

Insertion of Flexor carpi Ulnaris muscle

Back 143

Pisiform bone
hook of Hamate
5th METACARPAL bone (pinky)

Front 144

Actions of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris muscle

Back 144

Flexes and ulnarly deviates hand

Front 145

Nerve that innervates Flexor Carpi Ulnaris muscle

Back 145

Ulnar n. (C7, C8)

Front 146

Nerve that occupies the groove/sulcus on the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of humerus

Back 146

Ulnar n.

Front 147

Nerve that travels in CUBITAL TUNNEL in forearm

Back 147

Ulnar nerve (bt humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris m.)

Front 148

Muscle of the intermediate layer (2nd superifical layer) of the forearm anterior compartment

Back 148

Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

Front 149

Name the 2 heads of the Flexor Digitorum Superificialis muscle

Back 149

Humeroulnar head
Radial head

Front 150

Origin of Humeroulnar head of Flexor Digitorum superficialis m.

Back 150

medial epicondyle of humerus

Front 151

Origin of Radial head of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis muscle

Back 151

superior half of anterior border of RADIUS

Front 152

Insertion of Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

Back 152

Bodies of PHALANGES of digits 2-5

Front 153

Actions of Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

Back 153

Flexes Proximal interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints

Front 154

Nerve that innervates the Flexor digitorum Superficialis muscle

Back 154

Median N. (c7, c8, t1)

Front 155

Name the 3 deep muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

Back 155

Flexor digitorum Profundus m.
Flexor Pollicis Longus m.
Pronator Quadratus m.

Front 156

Origin of Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle

Back 156

anterior surface of RADIUS and introsseous membrane

(radius-thumb-pollicis)

Front 157

Insertion of Flexor Pollicis Longus muscle

Back 157

Base of DISTAL PHALANX of THUMB

Front 158

Meaning of greek word "Pollicis"

Back 158

thumb

Front 159

Nerve that innervates Flexor Pollicis Longus muscle

Back 159

Anterior nerve from median nerve (C8, t1)

Front 160

Origin of Flexor Digitorum Profundus muscle

Back 160

proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of ULNA and interosseous membrane

Front 161

Insertion of Flexor Digitorum Profundus muscle

Back 161

bases of DISTAL PHALANGES of digits 2-5

Front 162

Action of Flexor Pollicis Longus muscle

Back 162

Flexes all joints of Thumb

(Pollicis-thumb)

Front 163

Action of Flexor Digitorum Profundus muscle

Back 163

flexes distal interphalangeal joints

Front 164

nerve that innervates Lateral (radial) part of Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

Back 164

median n. (C8, t1)

Front 165

nerve that innervates medial (ulnar) part of Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

Back 165

ulnar n. (C8, t1)

Front 166

nerve that descends in forearm bt flexor carpi ulnaris m. and flexor digitorum profundus m

Back 166

ulnar n.

Front 167

muscle that covers the ulnar n. in forearm

Back 167

Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

Front 168

artery that joins the ulnar n. below the upper 1/3 of forearm

Back 168

ulnar artery

Front 169

Position of ulnar nerve to ulnar artery

Back 169

ulnar nerve is MEDIAL to ulnar artery

Front 170

origin of Pronator Quadratus muscle

Back 170

distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna

Front 171

insertion of pronator quadratus muscle

Back 171

distal 1/4 of anterior surface of RADIUS

Front 172

action of Pronator Quadratus muscle

Back 172

pronates forearm

Front 173

nerve that innervates Pronator Quadratus muscle

Back 173

median n. (C8, t1)

Front 174

Name the only 2 flexor muscles of the forearm innervated by the Ulnar nerve

Back 174

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Medial part of Flexor digitorum Profundus muscle

Front 175

the 2 nerves that innervate the flexor region of forearm

Back 175

Median n.
Ulnar n.