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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which chemical signal effects the same cell or cell type? |
Autocrine Signals |
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What kind of cells/tissue makes up endocrine glands? |
Ductless glandular epithelial cells |
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Location of anterior pituitary gland |
in the sphenoid bone of the skull |
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Location of thyroid gland |
anterior neck |
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Location of parathyroid glands |
posterior thyroid gland |
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Location of adrenal cortices |
superior side of the kidneys |
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Location of endocrine pancreas |
left side of the abdominal cavity, mostly posterior to the stomace |
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Location of thymus |
superior mediastinum |
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How long do hormones usually travel through blood? |
until they are taken up by a target cell or broken down and deactivated |
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Two forms of hormone transport |
attached to proteins (if hormone is hydrophobic) or freely through blood (if hormone is hydrophilic) |
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Where are hormone receptors located for hydrophobic hormones? |
within the cytosol or nucleus of target cells |
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Where are the receptors located for hydrophilic hormones? |
embedded in the target cell's plasma membrane |
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Up-regulation |
when level of a particular hormone rises in the blood causing certain cells to produce more receptors |
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Down-regulation |
Prolonged exposure to high levels of a hormone causing target cells to decrease number of receptors specific for that hormone. |
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Two basic types of hormones |
Amino acid-based hormones and Steroid hormones |
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small anteroinferior portion of the diencephalon of the brain |
hypothalamus |
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connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland |
infundibulum |
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location of pituitary gland |
small organ that sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone |
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another name for anterior pituitary gland |
adenohypophysis |
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another name for posterior pituitary gland |
neurohypophysis |
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two hormones stored and released by posterior pituitary gland
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antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin |
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abbreviation for and another name for antidiuretic hormone |
ADH, vasopressin |
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primary function of ADH |
increase the amount of water retained by the kidneys |
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how does ADH increase water in the body |
causes the insertion of water channels called aquaporins into plasma membranes of the cells forming the kidney tubules. |
