Anatomy And Physiology Ii Test 1

Front 1

Exceptions to the organization of the CNS

Back 1

Cerebrum (has gray cortex), and cerebellum (outer gray layer)

Front 2

Space between lateral ventricles

Back 2

Septum Pellucidum

Front 3

Intraventricular Foramen

Back 3

Aka Foramen of Monroe where CFS enters from lateral ventricles

Front 4

Islands of gray matter in cerebrum

Back 4

Basal Nuclei (ganglia)

Front 5

3 cerebral white matter fibers

Back 5

Commisural, Association, Projection

Front 6

3 parts of the Basal Ganglia

Back 6

Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus

Front 7

Decussation of the pyramids occurs

Back 7

In the medulla

Front 8

Substantia Nigra

Back 8

Produces Dopamine

Front 9

The purpose of the Thalamus

Back 9

Post office. Stop gap for cortex

Front 10

Hypothalamus controls

Back 10

ANS, food, water, sleep, temp, emotion

Front 11

Pons

Back 11

Pneumotaxic aka breathing

Front 12

Purpose of Limbic System

Back 12

Emotional brain

Front 13

Parts of Limbic System

Back 13

Diencephalon, cerebrum and fibers

Front 14

RAS

Back 14

Keeps brain awake, filters stimuli

Front 15

Choroid Plexus

Back 15

Produces CSF

Front 16

Arachnoid Villus

Back 16

Reabsorbs CSF back into the blood supply

Front 17

Conus Medullaris

Back 17

End of the spinal cord

Front 18

Filum Terminale

Back 18

Anchors spinal cord to coccyx

Front 19

Funiculi

Back 19

Elevates going either only up or down in the spinal cord

Front 20

Specific Medial Lemniscal System

Back 20

Aka Dorsal White Columns for discriminative touch

Front 21

Non Specific - Spinothalmic Process

Back 21

Crosses over in spinal cord. Pain, temp, course touch

Front 22

Spinocerebellar

Back 22

Muscle tension stretch for proprioception

Front 23

Pyramidal Tracts

Back 23

Cross in medulla. Direct pathways for fast and fine motor skills

Front 24

Extrapyramidal Tracts or Indirect Pathways

Back 24

Cross in spinal cord. For balance, coarse limb movement and head, neck, eye movement

Front 25

Order of Cranial Nerves

Back 25

OOOTTAFVGVAH

Front 26

I. Olfactory

Back 26

Sensory. Nose to Olfactory bulbs in cortex. Disorder = Anosmia

Front 27

II. Optic

Back 27

Sensory. Optic nerve to Optic chiasma to thalamus to cortex. Disorder = Anopsia (blindness)

Front 28

III. Oculomotor

Back 28

Motor. Origin = midbrain. Controls dilation and moves eye. Test = pupils. Disorder = lateral strabismus

Front 29

IV. Trochlear

Back 29

Motor. Midbrain. Test = pupils. Disorder = double vision

Front 30

V. Trigeminal

Back 30

Both. Ophthalmic (superior orbital fissure to pons)

Maxillary (foramen ovale to pons) Mandibular (foramen ovale to pons) Test = pain in face. Disorder = Tic Douloreux

Front 31

VI. Abducens

Back 31

Motor. Pons to SO Fissure. Test = pupils. Disorder = Internal strabismus

Front 32

VII. Facial

Back 32

Both. Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical. Origin = Pons to acoustic meatus to face. Test = taste buds. Disorder = Bells Palsy

Front 33

VIII. Vestibulocochlear

Back 33

Sensory. 2 nerves combined: vestibular and cochlear. Origin = the two nerves to acoustic meatus to pons. Test = Hearing. Disorder = deafness or imbalance

Front 34

IX. Glossopharyngeal

Back 34

Both. Origin = Medulla to jugular foramen to throat. Test = gag, speak, cough. Disorder = swallowing

Front 35

X. Vagus

Back 35

Both. Largest nerve. Origin = Medulla to jugular foramen to thorax/abdomen. Function = motor, swallowing, heart, breath, abdomen sensory. Test = gag, speak, cough. Disorder = hoarseness, swallowing, death

Front 36

XI. Accessory

Back 36

Motor. Origin = Cranial + spinal roots. Function = shrugging. Test = shrugging. Disorders = shrugging and turning head.

Front 37

XII. Hypoglossal

Back 37

Motor. Origin = Medulla to hypoglossal canal to tongue. Test = stick out tongue. Disorder = swallowing and speaking

Front 38

5 Stimulus Receptor Types

Back 38

Mechano, Thermo, Photo, Chemo, Noci

Front 39

Receptor Location Types

Back 39

Exteroceptors, Interceptors and Proprioceptors

Front 40

Complexity of receptor types

Back 40

Simple (most abundant) : free nerve endings. Pain, temp, Merkel disc, hair follicle

Complex: Encapsulated. Most mechanoreceptors, exteroceptors, Meissner's Corpuscles, Pacinian Corpuscles, Ruffini Corpuscles, muscle spindles, golgi tendons

Front 41

Transduction

Back 41

Conversion of receptor and generator potential to action potential

Front 42

Tonic Receptors

Back 42

Adapt extremely slow

Ex. Pain and Proprioceptors

Front 43

Phasic Receptors

Back 43

Adapt and respond quickly

Front 44

Wallerian Degeneration

Back 44

Chops off damages axon and repairs it. Regeneration is very slow

Front 45

Nerve Plexus

Back 45

Nerves have multiple origins to avoid carrying all eggs in one basket

Front 46

Cervical Plexus

Back 46

C1-C4. Phrenic Nerve = C3 - C5

Front 47

Brachial Plexus

Back 47

Axillary - abduction

Musculocutaneous - biceps

Median - wrist and fingers

Ulnar - forms first

Radial - undoes all flexion

Front 48

Order of Brachial Plexus

Back 48

Roots, Rami, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

Front 49

Lumbar Plexus

Back 49

L1 - L4. Hip flexion, knee extension, obturator

Front 50

Sacral Plexus

Back 50

L4 - S4.

Sciatic - hamstrings

Tibial - calves

Gluteal - butt

Pudendal - penis

Front 51

5 components of reflex arc

Back 51

Receptor

Sensory Neuron

Integration

Motor Neurons

Effector

Front 52

Muscle Spindles

Back 52

Help control muscle length for opt optimal muscle tension

Front 53

Reciprocal Inhibition

Back 53

Inhibits antagonist muscles during muscle reflex

Front 54

Golgi Tendon Reflex

Back 54

Relaxes over stretches tendons. Reciprocal activation. Engages antagonistic muscles

Front 55

Flexor Reflex

Back 55

Withdrawal from painful stimuli

Front 56

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Back 56

Counter reaction on opposite side of body

Front 57

Babinski's Sign

Back 57

Curl toes when sole is stroked. Means you're brain dead