Anatomy And Physiology Exam 4 Muscular System

Front 1

Sartorius Muscle Action?

Back 1

• Flexes hip and knee
  
• Laterally rotates the thigh and leg
  

Front 2

Tibialis Anterior Muscle Action?

Back 2

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Front 3

Vastus Medialis Muscle Action?

Back 3

Extends the knee

Front 4

Soleus Muscle Action?

Back 4

Plantar flexes the foot

Front 5

Gluteus Maximus Muscle Action?

Back 5

Extends hip, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh

Front 6

What are the four rotator cuff muscles?

Back 6

1. Subscapularis
2. Supraspinatus
3. Infraspinatus
4. Teres Minor

Front 7

Subscapularis is Innervated by?

Back 7

The Subscapular Nerve

Front 8

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Muscles are Innervated by?

Back 8

The Suprascapular Nerve

Front 9

Teres Minor Muscle is innervated by?

Back 9

The Axillary Nerve

Front 10

Brachialis Muscle Action?

Back 10

Flexes and pronates forearm

Front 11

Brachioradialis Muscle Action?

Back 11

Flexes and supinates forearm

Front 12

Biceps Brachii Muscle Action?

Back 12

Flexes and supinates forearm

Front 13

Coracobrachialis Muscle Action?

Back 13

Adducts arm and flexes shoulder

Front 14

What do the muscles on the posterior forearm do?

Back 14

They are the exstensor muscles, they extend the hand

Front 15

Of the quadraceps, which muscle also flexes the hip?

Back 15

The Rectus Femoris

Front 16

Is the sartorius muscle part of the quadraceps?

Back 16

No

Front 17

What do the scalene muscles do during inspiration?

Back 17

They elevate the ribs

Front 18

Does the diaphragm flatten during contraction?

Back 18

Yes, when relaxed it is a dome shaped muscle

Front 19

During inspiration, what do the External intercostals do?

Back 19

They Expand or elevate the rib

Front 20

Where is the linea alba located?

Back 20

Midline of the rectus abdominus

Front 21

What are the six extraocular muscles?

Back 21

1. Superior rectus
2. Inferior rectus
3. Lateral rectus
4. Medial rectus
5. Inferior oblique
6. Superior oblique

Front 22

Inferior oblique muscle action?

Back 22

Elevates and abducts the eyeball

Front 23

Superior oblique muscle action?

Back 23

Depresses and abducts the eyeball

Front 24

Lateral rectus muscle innervated by?

Back 24

Abducens Nerve

Front 25

Superior oblique muscle innervated by?

Back 25

The Trochlear Nerve

Front 26

Digastric Muscle Action?

Back 26

• Depresses mandible
  
• Elevates hyoid bone
  
• Used in chewing and swallowing

Front 27

What are the four muscles of mastication?

Back 27

1. Masseter
2. Temporalis
3. Medial pterygoid
4. Lateral pterygoid

Front 28

Muscles of mastication are innervated by?

Back 28

Trigeminal Nerve

Front 29

What is the origin of the sternoclaidomastoid muscle?

Back 29

The manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle

Front 30

The origin of a muscle is the end that?

Back 30

Is attached to the more stationary of the two bones

Front 31

What does a fixator muscle do?

Back 31

A muscle that acts as a stabalizer

Front 32

Traponin function?

Back 32

• In a relaxed muscle, troponin is attached to tropomyosin which blocks the attachment sites for myosin preventing contraction
  
• When calcium is introduced to troponin, it changes shape which exposes the binding sites for myosin
• Contraction of the muscle begins

Front 33

F actin function?

Back 33

• F actin is the thin filament in the sliding filament model of muscle contraction
• F actin is made up of G actin molecule in a tight circular wound pattern
• Tropomyosin is twisted in with the g actin

Front 34

Calmodulin function?

Back 34

Functions similarly to troponin, by binding to calcium and changing shape to allow for contraction, however this molecule is present in smooth muscle contraction

Front 35

Tropomyosin function?

Back 35

• Spiraled around the thin filament of a sarcomere, and attached to traponin
  
• When traponin binds to calcium, it causes tropomyosin to move, and expose the binding sites for myosin heads

Front 36

Myosin function?

Back 36

• Club like head of the thick filament in a sarcomere
• Binds to actin at binding sites when tropomyosin is moved
• Myosin heads flex, then bind, which leads to the muscle flexing

Front 37

Does muscle relaxation require ATP?

Back 37

Yes

Front 38

How does creatine phosphate provide quick burst of muscle energy?

Back 38

It anaerobically donates a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP for muscle use

Front 39

Which muscle fibers have more mitochondria, slow or fast twitch?

Back 39

Slow twitch fibers, because they are designed for endurance

Front 40

What causes rigor mortis?

Back 40

• Lack of ATP
• Calcium leaking from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 41

What causes muscle fatigue?

Back 41

• Use of all substrate storage, such as ADP and glycogen
• Accumulation of metabolites, such as chloride, potassium, lactic acid, etc.

Front 42

Motor Unit

Back 42

Consists of a motor neuron, and the muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron's axon terminals

Front 43

T Tubules

Back 43

Deep invagination of the plasma membrane of a skeletal cell, that allows for depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell

Front 44

Neuromuscular Junction

Back 44

• Formed where the axon terminal of a neuron and the muscle cell meet
• Neurotransmitter that is released in the synaptic cleft is Acetylcholine

Front 45

Three parts of the Neuromuscular Junction?

Back 45

1. Presynaptic membrane (nerve side)
2. Synaptic cleft (middle space)
3. Postsynaptic membrane (skeletal muscle side)

Front 46

Resting membrane potential is positive or negative with respect to the outside of a muscle cell?

Back 46

Negative

Front 47

Voltage gated channels respond to?

Back 47

Change in voltage

Front 48

Connective tissue surrounding fascicles of skeletal muscle?

Back 48

Perimysium

Front 49

Four properties of skeletal muscle?

Back 49

1. Conductivity
2. Exstensibility
3. Contractility
4. Elasticity

Front 50

Eccentric Isotonic Contraction

Back 50

• A contraction in which the muscle lengthens due to the resistance being greater than the force the muscle is producing
  
• ex: second half of a curl, the angle of the arm increases while the muscle is still working