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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Tissue
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group of cells with similar structure and function
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Define Histology
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the study of tissues
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4 Major Body Tissues
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Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
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Major Function : Epithelial
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to line and cover the body surfaces
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Major Function: Connective
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connecting and bonding body structures
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Major Function: Muscle
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specialized for contraction and produce body movement
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Major Function: Nervous
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to transmit electrical signals throughout body
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Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
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Tightly packed cells; little inter cellular space ; a vascular
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Characteristics of Connective Tissue
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loosely packed cells; alot of inter cellular space; vascular/semivascular/ avascular
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Description + Function + Location of Simple Squamous
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Single Layer of Flat Cells
F = Diffusion; Osmosis; Filtration L = air sacs of lungs; kidney tubules |
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D, F, L of Simple Cuboidal
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D = single layer of cube shaped cells
F = secretion and absorption L = kidney tubules and most glands |
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D, F, L of Simple Columnar
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D = single layer of column shaped cells
F = secretion and absorption L = digestive tract; gall bladder |
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D, F, L of pseudostratified cilated columnar
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D = single layer of cells of different heights
F = movement and secretion L = respiratory tract |
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D, F, L of Stratified Squamous
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D = many layers of flat cells
F = protection L = skin; orifices of body |
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D, F, L of Transitional
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D = many layers of cells in transition (squamous-cuboidal-columnar)
F = allows stretching L = urinary tract |
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Fibroblast
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cells that give rise to matrix of tissues
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Macrophage
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large phagocytic cells
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Plasma Cell
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produce antibodies
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Mast Cell
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produce histamine = vasodilation
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Osteoblast
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Bone
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D F L of (Loose Connective) Areolar
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D = gel-like matrix with all 3 fibers
F = wrap and cushion organs store fluids L = underneath skin (hypodermis) ; surround capillaries |
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D F L of (Loose Connective) Adipose
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D = gel-like matrix with all 3 fibers (sparse)
F = store and release energy; cushion and support; insulation L = hypordermis; breast tissue |
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D F L of (Loose Connective) reticular
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D = large network of reticular fibers
F = support other cells L = spleen, lymph nodes |
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D F L of (Dense Connective) Dense regular
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D = large network of parallel collagen fibers
F = Withstand stress ; forms ligaments (bone to bone) ; tendons(muscle to bone); L = tendons; ligaments; most joints |
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D F L of (Dense Connective) Dense irregular
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large network of irregular collagen fibers
F = withstand tension and provide strength L = most joints; dermis |
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D F L of Hyaline Cartilage
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D = ( most abundant) large network of collagen fibers
F = support ; reinforce ; resist stress L = end of long bone ; tip of nose ; larynx ; part of trachea |
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D F L of Elastic Cartilage
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D = Large Network of elastic fibers
F = allow flexibility; elasticity L = pinna ( outer ear) ; epitlottis |
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D F L of Fibro Cartilage
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D = strongest ; large network of collagen fibers
F = Strength and absorb shock L = Between Vertebrae (interverbal discs) ; Knee ; pubic symphasis; |
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D F L of Blood
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D = Liquid Matrix
F = transport medium for O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones L = within blood vessels |
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Strongest Cartilage
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Fibro Cartilage
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Most Abundant Cartilage
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Hyaline Cartilage
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DLF of Skeletal Muscle
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D = Long Cylinder fibers ( striated)
F = Voluntary Movement L = Attached to bones |
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DLF of Smooth Muscle
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D = spindel shaped fibers (non striated)
F = Involuntary movement, moves substances, within organ L = Digestive Tract, blood Vessels L = |
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DLF of Cardiac Muscle
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D = short branched, cylindrical fibers, striated
F = involuntary muscle L = Walls of Heart |
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which muscles are striated
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Skeletal, Caridac
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Which muscles are not striated
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Smooth
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Which muscles are Voluntary
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Skeletal
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Which muscles are Involuntary
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Smooth, Cardiac
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List 3 embryonic Tissues
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Ectoderm, Methoderm, Endoderm
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Ectoderm gives rise to what major body tissues?
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epithelium, nervous
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Methoderm gives rise to what major body tissues?
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epithelium, connective, muscle
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Endoderm gives rise to what major body tissues?
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epithelium
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organs/structures that are a part of the integumentary system?
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skin(largest part of the body), hair, nails, sudoriferous and sebaceous glands
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Functions of Skin
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protection; body temperature regulation ; sensation ; metabolism ; blood reservoir ; excretion
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Protection
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disease, infection, cuts, abrasions, chemicals, excess, light, bacteria, fungi
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Body temperature regulation
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sudoriferous (sweat) glands = cool body
blood vessels = vasoconstriction, vasodialation |
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Sensation
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nerve endings, pressure, touch, temperature, pleasure
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Metabolism
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produces Vitamin D, helps absorb calcium
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Blood Reservoir
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5% of total blood volume in veins of skin
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Excretion
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removal of waste through sweat
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Layers of Skin
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Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
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Epidermis
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superficial layer of the skin, thin, stratified squamos
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Dermis
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deep, thick, connective tissue, hair follicles, glands, nerves, blood vessels
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Hypodermis
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below the dermis, areolar and adipose, attaches to the dermis to muscles and organs
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Epidermal cells
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Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhan, Merkel
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Keratinocytes
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(most abundant), filled with keratin, dead cells
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Melanocytes
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produce melanin - skin pigment
(yellow - black) |
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Langerhan
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are macrophages
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Merkel
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attached to nerve endings sensation of touch
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Most abundant Epidermal Cell?
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Keratinocytes
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Layers of Epidermis
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stratum basale - 1 layer of cells
stratum spinosum - many layers stratum granulosum - 3-5 layers stratum lucidum - stratum corneum - 25-30 dead keratin |
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regions of dermis
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Papillary, Reticular
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Papillary region
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areolar tissue, thin
dermal papillae - projections of region thick skin - dermal ridges - large mounds of dermis form epidermal ridges - finger prints (genetics) |
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Reticular region
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deep region of the dermis
dense irregular a cleavage lines - spaces between dense irregular fibers b flexure lines - fold of dermis where it has been stretched or broken |
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Organ
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a group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions.
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Vitiligo
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A disorder in which the immune system destroys pigment-making cells called melanocytes. This results in white patches of skin on different parts of the body.
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Whiteheads
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sebum accumulates and gets stuck in ducts
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3 pigments of the skin
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Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
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Melanin color
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yellow-black
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carotene
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orange, orange yellow
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hemoglobin
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redish-pinkish
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Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
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exocrine glands = sweat, 2.5 million on skin, except on nipples and parts of genitals
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eccrine glands
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(most numerous) produce normal sweat) = 99% water and solutes
thermoregulation alot in palms soles and forehead |
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apocrine glands
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concentrated in the axilla and anogenital region
sweat is protein, salt, cholesterol thicker, color, odor Activated at Puberty |
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Modified Apocrine glands
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a cerruminous - produce cerumin (earwax)
b mammary - produce milk |
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Seabaceous (oil) glands
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activeated at puberty
produce sebum(oil) - cholesterol, lipids, proteins all over body except palms and soles prevents drying out of skin and protects from pathogens ph6 skin |
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Hair
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flexible strands of dead keratinocytes produced by follicle
harder keratin |
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body hair function
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sensation
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scalp hair function
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protection
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pubic/axillary hair function
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attraction/ protection
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nose hair function
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filtration
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eyebrows/eyelashes
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protection
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Hair structure
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shaft, root, follicle
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shaft
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projects beyond the skin
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root
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embedded within the skin
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follicle
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contains cells to produce hair, keep it alive
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Follicle Structure
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hair bulb, hair papilla, hair matrix, root hair plexus, arrector pili muscles
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Hair bulb
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enlarged part of follicle
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hair papilla
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piece of skin in each hair
brings blood |
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hair matrix
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cells division/mitosis
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root hair plexus
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nerve cells
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arrector pili muscles
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contract cause hairs to stand up
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rules of 9
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to replace lost fluids and electrolytes
% of 9 or multiples of 9 exception perenium = 1% |
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Burns
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tissue damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, certain chemicals
cell and tissue death loss of fluids and electrolytes |
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1st degree burns
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only epidermis damaged
ex. sun burn |
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2nd degree burns
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damages or destroys epidermis and dermis
ex. hot water |
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3rd degree burns
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epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are destroyed
ex fire |
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Critical Burns
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over 25% of second degree burns
over 10% of third degree face hands and feet burns |
