Anatomy And Physiology Exam 3

Front 1

Also called the cell body

Back 1

Soma

Front 2

vast number of branches originating from the soma

Back 2

dendrites

Front 3

originates on one side of the soma called the axon hillock

Back 3

Axon

Front 4

end of an axon branch forming the synaptic knob and synaptic cleft

Back 4

axon terminal

Front 5

what are the four types of variation in neuron struture?

Back 5

Bipolar, Unipolar, Multipolar, Anaxonic

Front 6

carries signals from the skin, bone, muscles, and joints

Back 6

PNS somatic sensory division

Front 7

carries sensory signals from the receptors to the CNS

Back 7

Sensory (afferent) division

Front 8

Carries signals from the viscera

Back 8

PNS vicseral sensory division

Front 9

Are neurons or Neurogia (glial cells) more in number

Back 9

Neuroglia

Front 10

provide protection of nuerons
Bind neurons together and form the framework of nervous tissue
In fetus guide migrating neurons to their destination
Provides precision for conduction pathways

Back 10

Neuroglia

Front 11

How many different types of neuroglia are there and how many are within the central nervous system?

Back 11

there are a total of six, four of which are found within the CNS

Front 12

What are the four types of neuroglia that are found in the CNS?

Back 12

Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Front 13

What are the two types of neuroglia in PNS?

Back 13

Schwann Cells and satellite cells

Front 14

masses of rapidly dividing cells

Back 14

Tumors

Front 15

Why can't mature neurons form tumors?

Back 15

because they have no capacity for mitosis

Front 16

Where do brain tumors come from

Back 16

metastasis from other organs
an glial cells that are mitotically actve throughout life

Front 17

These are an insulating layer around a nerve fiber and is composd of the plasma membrane of glial cells. It is 20% protein and 80% lipids

Back 17

myelin sheath

Front 18

this is the production of the myelin sheath

Back 18

Myelination

Front 19

-begins during fetal development
-continues through infancy
-Dietary fat is important to nervous system development

Back 19

Myelination

Front 20

Many ____ _____ or _______ are needed to cover one nerve fiber

Back 20

Schwann Cell or Oligodendrocyte

Front 21

This is the gap between nodes on a nerve fiber

Back 21

Nodeof ranvier

Front 22

Neurilemma is found where accordin to the myelin sheath

Back 22

on the outside of it covering it

Front 23

This is a disease of myelin sheath:
-Oligodendrocytes and myelin sheath begin to deteriorate in the CNS
-Myelin replaced by hardened scar tissue

Back 23

Multiple Sclerosis

Front 24

A disease of myelin sheath:
- A hereditary disorder of infants of Eastern European Jewish Ancestory
-Abnormal accumulation of glycolipids in the myelin sheath

Back 24

Tay-Sachs Disease

Front 25

What are four important properties of a reflex?

Back 25

They must be quick, involuntary, stereotyped, and require stimulation

Front 26

What are the three layers of the encasing the brain?

Back 26

Duramater, piamater, Arachnoid mater

Front 27

this is a spongy mass of blood capillaries that are at the floor of each ventricle and are important for cerebrospinal fluid production

Back 27

Choroid plexus

Front 28

What structure connects the third and fourth ventricle?

Back 28

cerebral aquaduct

Front 29

clear colorless liquid that fills the ventricles and canals of the central nervous system

Back 29

Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 30

What are the functions of the central nervous system?

Back 30

buoancy and protection
chemical stability

Front 31

How many minutes without blood before there is irreversable brain damage

Back 31

4 min.

Front 32

______ seconds of interrupted blood flow to the brain can cause unconciousness

Back 32

10

Front 33

What is cranial nerve 11 and what is its function?

Back 33

Accessory nerve and it is responsible for the movement of head neck swallowing and shoulder movement

Front 34

What is cranial nerve 12 and functions?

Back 34

Hypoglossal nerve and it is responsible for movement relating the tongue and speech production, food manipulation and swallowing

Front 35

what is cranial nerve 10 and functions?

Back 35

it is the vagus nerve and it is responsible for cardiac, pulmonary, urinary, and digestive function. Swallowing, speech and regulation of viscera

Front 36

What is cranial nerve 9 and what are functions ?

Back 36

Glossopharyngeal nerve and responsible for swallowing, gagging, control of BP and respiration

Front 37

cranial nerve 8 and functions

Back 37

vestibulocochlear nerve and it is responsible for hearing and equilibrium

Front 38

cranial nerve 7 and functions

Back 38

facial nerve and responsible for motor nerves that control facial expression, tear production, anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Front 39

cranial nerve 6 and function

Back 39

abducens nerve and provides eye movement

Front 40

cranial nerve 5 and function

Back 40

Trigeminal nerve.
-largest and most important of cranial nerve
ophthalamic
maxillary
mandibular

Front 41

CN 4 and function

Back 41

Trochlear nerve for superior oblique muscle movmenet of eye