Anatomy And Physiology, Exam 2

Front 1

BURSA
anatomy and function

Back 1

-flattened. fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and contain synovial fluid ex:bursa sac in the patella

Front 2

MANDIBLE

Back 2

jaw bone
-ramus: side that meets with maxilla
-mental foramen: small holes
-alveolar process-notches for teeth

Front 3

VOMER BONE

Back 3

bone located through nasal cavity

Front 4

CORONAL SUTURE

Back 4

articulation where parietal and frontal bone meet

Front 5

SAGITTAL SUTURE

Back 5

articulation where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly

Front 6

AXIAL SKELETON

Back 6

skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Front 7

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Back 7

limbs, shoulder, and hips

Front 8

LAMBROID SUTURE

Back 8

articulation where parietal bones and occipital bone meet posteriorly

Front 9

SQUAMOUS SUTURE

Back 9

articulation where parietal and temporal bone meet

Front 10

KYPHOSIS

Back 10

hunchback

Front 11

SCOLIOSIS

Back 11

abnormal lateral curve

Front 12

LODROSIS

Back 12

swayback

Front 13

ABDUCTION

Back 13

movement away from midline

Front 14

ADDUCTION

Back 14

movement towards midline

Front 15

FLEXION

Back 15

decreases angel of joint

Front 16

EXTENSION

Back 16

increases angle of joint

Front 17

DORSIFEXION

Back 17

feet points towards feet

Front 18

PLANTAR FLEXION

Back 18

feet points towards plantar region

Front 19

CIRCUMDUCTION

Back 19

circular movements

Front 20

PROTRACTION

Back 20

pointing chin out

Front 21

RETRACTION

Back 21

chin pulled in

Front 22

DEPRESSION

Back 22

chin pointed down, towards chest

Front 23

ELEVATION

Back 23

chin up

Front 24

ROTATION

Back 24

turning around its own axis
ex: hip and shoulder joints
-lateral:away from midline
-medial: towards midline

Front 25

GLIDING

Back 25

wrist and ankle movements

Front 26

HYPEREXTENDED

Back 26

leaning backwards

Front 27

PRONATION

Back 27

"ppro" basketball player

radius rotates over ulna

Front 28

SUPINATION

Back 28

can hold a bowl of soup

radius and ulna parallel

Front 29

INVERSION AND EVERSION

Back 29

inversion - angle foot in

eversion - angle foot out

Front 30

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Back 30

-internal support
-framework for movement
-blood skell production
-organ protection
-mineral storage

Front 31

SPHENOID BONE

Back 31

bone behind eye and runs between left and right temporal bones

Front 32

LACRIMAL BONES

Back 32

meets maxilla inside orbital cavity (eye gunk)

Front 33

ETHMOID BONE

Back 33

between sphenoid bone and and lacrimal bone

Front 34

MASTOID PROCESS

Back 34

bottom, pointy part of temporal bone

Front 35

STYLOID PROCESS

Back 35

pointy spike off temporal bone attached to external accoustic meatus

Front 36

Muscle Contraction:
Step 1

Back 36

In rest, Actin and Myosin are not joined

Front 37

Muscle Contraction:
Step 2

Back 37

A nerve impulse stimulates the motor unit to release acetylcholine

Front 38

Muscle Contraction:
Step 3

Back 38

Acetylcholine causes the release of Calcium

Front 39

Muscle Contraction:
Step 4

Back 39

Calcium unlocks the tropomyosin block between Actin and Myosin

Front 40

Muscle Contraction:
Step 5

Back 40

Myosin binds to Actin receptor sites to form cross bridge

Front 41

Muscle Contraction:
Step 6

Back 41

ADP and P (phosphate) are released from Myosin, power stroke slides Actin and Myosin over each other

Front 42

Muscle Contraction:
Step 7

Back 42

ATP binds to Myosin, releasing Actin

Front 43

Muscle Contraction:
Step 8

Back 43

ATP breaks down to ADP+P, Myosin head recocks and moves down Actin filament

Front 44

Skeletal Muscle

Back 44

layers of dense connective tissue, called fascia, soround and seperate each muscle

Front 45

Epimysium

Back 45

whole muscle

Front 46

Perimysium

Back 46

fascicles (bundles of muscle cells)

Front 47

Endomysium

Back 47

covering over individual mm fibers/muscle cells

Front 48

condyle

Back 48

-rounded articular projection

-help form joints

Front 49

tuberosity

Back 49

-large rounded projection
-may be roughened
-site for muscle and ligament attachment

Front 50

fossa

Back 50

-shallow basin like depression
-often serving as an articular surface
-allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through

Front 51

epicondyle

Back 51

-raised area on or above condyle
-site for muscle and ligament attachment

Front 52

foramen

Back 52

-round or oval opening through bone
-allows blood vessels and nerves through

Front 53

fissure

Back 53

-narrow, slit like opening
-allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through

Front 54

tubercle

Back 54

-small rounded projection or process
-site for muslce and ligament attachment

Front 55

meatus

Back 55

-canal like passageway
-blood vessels and nerve pass through

Front 56

process

Back 56

-any bony prominence
-site for muscle and ligament attachment

Front 57

long bone

Back 57

humerus

Front 58

short bones

Back 58

tarsals and carpals

Front 59

flat bones

Back 59

sternum and most skull bones

Front 60

irregular bones

Back 60

vertebrae

Front 61

wormian or sutural bones

Back 61

tiny, irregular shaped bones found in sutures

Front 62

sesamoid bones

Back 62

hort irregular bone embedded in tendon

ex: patella

Front 63

osteon

Back 63

-tree trunk looking in bones
-sorround the Haversian or central canal
-consists of interconnecting canals (canaliculi) to supply nutrients to bone