Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 11

Front 1

Central nervous system (CNS)

Back 1

(Brain and spinal cord) integrative and control centers

Hint 1

Front 2

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Back 2

Communication lines between CNS and the rest of the body; cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Hint 2

Front 3

Sensory (afferent) division

Back 3

Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS; somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers

Hint 3

Front 4

Motor (efferent) division

Back 4

Conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands); motor nerve fibers

Hint 4

Front 5

Somatic nervous system

Back 5

Somatic motor (voluntary); conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles

Hint 5

Front 6

Automatic nervous system (ANS)

Back 6

Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands; visceral motor (involuntary)

Hint 6

Front 7

Sympathetic division

Back 7

Mobilizes body systems during activity (heart rate)

Hint 7

Front 8

Parasympathetic division

Back 8

Promotes "housekeeping" functions during rest; conserves energy

Hint 8

Front 9

Nervous tissue

Back 9

1. Neurons: Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

2. Neuroglia (glial cells): supporting cells

Front 10

Neuroglia

Back 10

CNS: astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

PNS: satellite cells & Schwann cells

Front 11

Astrocytes

Back 11

Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells; support and brace neurons; cling to neurons; form blood-brain barrier system (BBB)

Hint 11

Front 12

Microglia

Back 12

Smallest glial cells with thorny processes, migrate toward injured neurons; phagocytosis

Hint 12

Front 13

Ependymal cells

Back 13

Produce, transport, and circulate the cerebrospinal fluid in the cavities; shape: squamous to column, ciliated

Hint 13

Front 14

Oligodendrocytes

Back 14

Branched cells, processes wrap CNS fibers forming insulating myelin sheaths; cannot be repaired

Hint 14

Front 15

Satellite cells

Back 15

Surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Hint 15

Front 16

Schwann cells

Back 16

Neurolemmocytes; surround peripheral nerve fibers (wrap many times around axon) and form myelin sheaths; vital to Regeneration of damaged fibers

Hint 16

Front 17

Neurons (nerve cells)

Back 17

Amiotic; high metabolism rate from oxygen and glucose; plasma membrane does electrical signaling & cell-to-cell interactions during development(only nerve&muscle cells)

Hint 17

Front 18

Cell Body

Back 18

Perikaryon/Soma; rough ER called Nissl bodies;

clusters of cell bodies are called nuclei (CNS) and ganglia (PNS)

Hint 18

Front 19

Processes

Back 19

Dendrites and axons; bundles called:

Tracts in CNS

Nerves in PNS

Front 20

Dendrites

Back 20

Receptive/input region convey electrical signals toward the cell body

Hint 20

Front 21

Axon

Back 21

Impulse generating (action potentials) & conducting region;

-Nerve fibers: long axons

-Axon collaterals: occasional branches

-Telodendria : Numerous terminal branches

-Synaptic knobs: Knoblike axon terminals

Hint 21

Front 22

Myelin sheath

Back 22

Layers of membrane Schwann cells in PNS; formed by oligodendrocytes in CNS; protect and insulate, increase impulse speed ; white matter in brain and spinal cord (unmyelinated: gray matter)

-Neurilemma: peripheral bulge of Schwann cells cytoplasm; not in CNS

Hint 22

Front 23

Structural Classification of Neurons

Back 23

-Multipolar: single long axons and several dendrites, most abundant, motor neurons and interneurons

-Bipolar: one axon and one dendrite (sense organs: nose, ear, eyes )

-Unipolar: single short process that has two branches, within dorsal root ganglion

Hint 23

Front 24

Functional classification of neurons

Back 24

-Sensory: (afferent) transmits impulses from sensory receptors towards the CNS

-Motor: (efferent) carry impulses from the CNS to effectors

-Interneurons: (association neurons) shuttle signals through the CNS pathways most are entirely within the CNS; abundant

Hint 24